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Pharm III > Flood 42 Classification and Side effects: Table 42-1;42-2 > Flashcards

Flood 42 Classification and Side effects: Table 42-1;42-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Identify 3 vinka alkalods

A
  1. Vinblastine
  2. Vincristine
  3. Vinorelbine
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2
Q

Name 3 analogs of Antimetabolites and associated drugs

A
  1. Pyrimidine anlogues: 5-Fluorouracil, cytarabine, Gemcitabine
  2. Folate analogues: Methotraxate
  3. Purine analogues: Premetrexed, Mercaptopurine, Thioguanine, Fludaribine, Pentostatin, Cladribine, Hydroxyurea
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3
Q

What 3 drugs are antitumor antibiotics

A
  1. Belomycin
  2. Doxorubicin
  3. Epirubicin

Doxirubicin and Epirubicin are Anthracyclines

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4
Q

Doxirubicin and Epirubicin are

A

Anthracyclines

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5
Q

Name the 2 topoisomerase inhibitors

A
  1. Topoisomerase I: Irinotecan, topotecan
  2. Topoisomerase II: Etopside
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6
Q

Irinotecan, topotecan and etopside have what in common?

A

All are Topoisonerase inhibitors

  1. Topoisomerase I: Irinotecan, topotecan
  2. Topoisomerase II: Etopside
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7
Q

Vinca Alkaloids (Vincristine, vinorelbine) are classified as?

A

Tubulin binding drugs

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8
Q

Taxoids ( docetaxel, paclitaxel) are classified as?

A

Tubulin binding drugs

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9
Q

Name 6 types of drugs that are classified under signal transduction modifiers.

A
  1. Antiestrogens
  2. Antiandrogens
  3. Monoclonal antibodies
  4. Aromatase inhibitors
  5. Gonadotropin-releasing drugs
  6. Progestins
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10
Q

Name 3 antiestrogens

A
  1. Tamoxifen
  2. Toremifene
  3. Raloxifene**
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11
Q

Name 3 antiandrogens

A
  1. Flutamide
  2. Bicalutamide
  3. nilutamide
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12
Q

Name 2 monoclonal antibodies

A
  1. Rituximab
  2. Trastuzumab
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13
Q

Name 3 Aromatase inhibitors

A
  1. Letrozole
  2. Anastrazole
  3. Aminoglutethimide
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14
Q

Name 2 Gonadotropin-releasing drugs

A
  1. Leuprolide
  2. Buserelin
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15
Q

Name 1 Progestins

A
  1. megestrol acetate
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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Alkylating agents

A

Impair cell function by forming covalent bonds on important molecules in proteins, DNA and RNA. Classified by their chemical structure and mechanism of covalent bonding.

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17
Q

These drugs impair cell function by forming covalent bonds on important molecules in proteins DNA and RNA. They are classified by their chemical structure and mechanism of covalent bonding.

A

Alkylating agents

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18
Q

These drugs are structural analogs of naturally occurring metabolites involved in DNA and RNA synthesis.

A

Antimetabolites

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19
Q

These drugs either substitute for metabolite that is normally incorporated into DNA or RNA or compete for the catalytic site of a key enzyme.

A

Antimetabolites

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20
Q

What is the MOA of antimetabolites

A

They are structural analogs of naturally occurring metabolites involved in DNA and RNA synthesis. They either substitute for metabolite that is normally incorporated into DNA or RNA or compete for the catalytic site of a key enzyme.

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21
Q

These drugs work by Intercalating DNA at specific sequences, creating free radicals, which cause strand breakage.

A

Antitumor antibiotics

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22
Q

These drugs are products of fungus having streptomyces. They also have the MOA of topoisomerase I and II.

A

Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epi_rubicin)_

Classified under antitumor antibiotics

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23
Q

These drugs control the 3D structure of DNA. They inhibit enzymes responsible for the uncoling of DNA during replication.

A

Topoisomerase inhibitors

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24
Q

What is responsible for the uncoling of DNA during replication?

A

Topoisomerase I and II

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25
Q

These drugs bind to tubulin and prevent the formation of the microtubule which is important during mitosis but also for cell shape, intracellular transport and axonal function.

A

Vinca Alkaloids

Classified under tubulin-binding drugs

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26
Q

Impaired formation of microbubles by vinka alkaloids will result in?

A
  1. inhibited mitosis
  2. Ipaired cell shape
  3. Impaired intracellular transport and axonal function.
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27
Q

This signal transduction modifier drug will bind to specific antigens on tumor cells and thereby modify cell proliferation.

A

Monoclonal antibodies (Rituximab, Transtuzumab)

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28
Q

These drugs work by inhibiting a hormone responsible for the conversion of androgens into estrogens

A

Aromatase inhibitors (Aminoglutethimide, anastrazole, letrozole)

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29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of signal trusduction modifiers

A

Are hormonal treatments of cancer that results in disruption of the normal growth factor receptor interactions which lead to cell proliferation and is effective in cancer cells where mutations have resulted in uncontrolled cell proliferation utilizing activated signaling pathways.

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30
Q

All chemotherapeutics can cause mylosupression except?

A
  1. Temozolomide
  2. Antitumor antibiotics; bleomycin
  3. Signal transduction modulators
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31
Q

These chemotherapeutics can cause cardiomyopathy

A
  1. Epirubicin
  2. Doxorubicin
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32
Q

Name four group of drugs that are classified as alkylating drugs

A

Alkylating drugs include :

  1. nitrogen mustards
  2. alkyl sulfonates
  3. nitrosoureas
  4. triazenes.
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33
Q

Name 2 side effects commonly found with all chemotherapeutics

A
  • Nausea and Vomiting
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34
Q

This drug can cause alopecia and mucositis and is commonly used to treat Hodgkin desease and hodgkin lymphoma

A

Mechlorethamine

It can also cause mylosuppression

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35
Q

What are the side effects of cyclophosphamide

A
  1. Mylosuppression
  2. Mucositis
  3. Alopecia
  4. Hemorhagic cystitis
  5. Seizures
  6. Renal failure
  7. Cardiac failure
  8. Inapropriate secretion of vasopressin (ADH)
  9. Skin pigmentation
36
Q

What are the indications of Cylclophosphamide

A
  1. Acute lymphocytic leukemia
  2. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  3. Lymphomas
  4. Myelomas
  5. Neuroblastoma
  6. Breast, ovarian, cervical and testicular cancer
  7. Lung cancer
  8. Wilms tumor
  9. Sarcoma
37
Q

What are the major side effects of Melphalan

A

Myelosupression

Pulmonary fibrosis is possible

N/V is NOT common

38
Q

What are the indications of Chlorambucil

A
  1. Hodgkin disease
  2. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  3. Macroglobulinemia
39
Q

What are the side effects of Chlorambucil

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Seconary leukemias
  3. Pulmonary fibrosis is possible
  4. CNS stimulation with large doses
40
Q

What are the indications of Busulfan

A
  1. Acute myelogenous leukemias
  2. Chronic myelogenous leukemias
41
Q

What are the side effects of Busulfan

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Thrombocytopenia
  3. Hyperurecemia from extensive purine catabolism accompanying the rapid cellular destruction and renal damage from precipitation of urates
42
Q

Nitroureas are mustard gas-related compounds used as an alkylating agent in chemotherapy. Name four

A
  1. Carmustine
  2. Lomustine
  3. Semustine
  4. Streptozocine
43
Q

What are the indications of Carmustine

A
  1. Hodgkins disease
  2. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  3. Astrocytoma
  4. Myeloma
  5. Melanoma
  6. Nitrourea with widest clinical use due to ability to cross bbb
44
Q

What are the side effects of Carmustine

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Hepatitis
  3. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and pneumonitis
  4. Renal failure
  5. Flushing
  6. 20-30% will get pulmonary toxicity and 24% of those will die as a result.
  7. 6 wk delayed onset of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia
45
Q

What are the indications of Lomustine

A
  1. Hodgkin desease
  2. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  3. Astrocytoma
  4. Small cell lung cancer
46
Q

This nitrourea is a methylated analogue or another nitrourea and is indicated for colon cancer

A

Semustine

47
Q

Side effects of Lomustine and semustin are?

A

Delayed myelosupression manifesting as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

48
Q

What are the indications of Streptozocin

A

Insulinoma

Carcinoid tumor

Has a unique affinity for Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans and has proved useful in the treatment of pancreatic islet cell carcinoma and malignant carcinoid

49
Q

What are the side effects of Streptozocin

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Hepatitis
  3. Renal failure
50
Q

What are the side effects of mitomycin

A
  1. Myelosuppression- delayed thrombocytopenia and Leukopenia
  2. Mucositis
  3. Cardiac failure
  4. Interstitial fibrosis 3-12% - synagysticaly with O2 and radiation
  5. Hemolytic Uremic syndrome
51
Q

What are the indications of Mitomycin

A
  1. Head and neck
  2. breast cancer
  3. Lung
  4. Gastric
  5. Colon
  6. Rectal
  7. Cervical cancer
52
Q

What is the dose limiting effect of cisplatin

A

Renal toxicity

53
Q

What are the indications of Cisplatin

A
  1. Head and neck
  2. Thyroid
  3. Lung
  4. Ovarian
  5. Endometrial
  6. Cervical
  7. testicular
  8. Neuroblastoma
  9. Osteogenic Sarcoma
54
Q

What are the side effects of Cisplatin

A
  1. Myelosupression- transient leukopenia and thrombocytopenia
  2. Peropheral neuropathy, parasthesia, loss of position sense- note baseline
  3. Allergic reactions
  4. Renal toxicity- low GFR and renal tubular dysfunction can begin as early as 3-5 days after initiating treatment.
  5. Electrolyte abnormalities (Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia)
  6. Allergic reactions: Facial edema, bronchoconstriction, tachy, hypotension may occur minutes after injection.
55
Q

What are the indications of methotrexate

A
  1. Head and neck, Breast, lung ca
  2. Acute lymphocytic leukemia
  3. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
  4. Osteogenic sarcoma
56
Q

What are the side effects of methotrexate

A
  1. Myelosuppression
  2. Mucositis
  3. Pneumonitis
  4. Hepatic fibrosis
  5. Renal toxicity in high doses
  6. Interferes with embryogenesis
  7. Hemorrhagic enteritis and death from intestinal perforation
57
Q

What are the side effects of Fluorouracil (5-FU)

A
  1. Myelosuppression
  2. Mucositis
  3. Alopecia
  4. Pigmentation
  5. Chest pain
58
Q

What are the side effects of Cytarabine

A
  1. Myelosuppression
  2. Mucositis
  3. Hepatitis
59
Q

What are the side effects of Gemcitabine

A
  1. Myelosuppression
  2. Flulike symptoms
60
Q

What are the side effects of Mercaptopurine

A
  1. Myelosuppression
  2. Anorexia
  3. Jaundice
61
Q

What are the side effects of thioguanine

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Anorexia
62
Q

What are the side effects of Fludarabine

A
  1. Myelosuppression
  2. Optic neuritis
  3. Peripheral neuropathy
  4. Seizures
  5. Coma
  6. Depression of CD4 cells
63
Q

Pentostatin

A
  1. Myelosuppression
  2. Depletion of T cell
  3. Hepatitis
64
Q

What are the side effects of Cladribine

A
  1. Myelosuppression
  2. Tumor lysis syndrome
  3. Asthenia
65
Q

What are the side effects of hydroxyurea

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Dermatologic changes
66
Q

What are the side effects of doxorubicin

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Cardiomyopathy
  3. Mucositis
67
Q

What are the side effects of Epirubicin

A
  1. Myelosuppression
  2. Cardiomyopathy
  3. Alopecia
  4. Mucositis
  5. Phlebitis
68
Q

What are the side effects of mitoxantrone

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Mucositis
69
Q

What are the side effects of Etoposide

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Systemic hypotension
  3. Hepatitis
  4. Mucositis
70
Q

What are the side effects of Teniposide

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Systemic hypotension
71
Q

What are the side effects of Dactinomycin

A
  1. Mucositis
  2. Chelitis
  3. Glositis
  4. Alopecia
  5. Cutaneous erythema
72
Q

What are the side effects of captothecins: Irinotecan & topotecan

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Alopecia
73
Q

What are the side effects of bleomycin

A
  1. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
  2. Allergic reactions
  3. Skin pigmentation
74
Q

What are the side effects of Vinka alkalods: Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vinorelbine

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Peripheral neuropathy
75
Q

What are the side effects of Taxanes: Paclitaxel and docetaxel

A
  1. Myelosupression
  2. Peripheral neuropathy
  3. Allergic reactions
  4. Alopecia totalis

Docetaxel also causes cardiac dysrythmias and capilary leakage

76
Q

What are the common side effects of antiestrogens: Tamoxifen, toremifene, raloxifene

A

Venous thrombosis

Hot flushes

  • Tamoxifen can also cause weight gain, amenorrhea, hypercalcemia and endometrial cancer
77
Q

What is the indication for antiestrogens

A

breast cancer

78
Q

What are the side effects of antiandrogens: Flutamide, Bicalutamide and Nulutaide

A

Gynacomastia

Hot flushes

Nilutamide also causes delayed visual adaptation to dark

79
Q

What is the indication for antiandrogens

A

Prostate cancer

80
Q

What are the side effects of Rituximab

A
  1. Infusion related chills, rash and fever
  2. Non-infusion related myalgias, angioedema, bronchospasm abc cardiac dysrythmias.
  3. Myelosupression
81
Q

What are the side effects of Trastuzumab

A

Fever and Chills

82
Q

What are the side effects of Anastrazole

A
  1. Asthenia
  2. Headache
  3. Hot flushes
83
Q

What are the side effects of letrozole

A
  1. Headache
  2. Heartburn
84
Q

What are the indications of aromatase inhibitors (Anastrazole, Aminoglutethimide, Letrozole)

A

Breast cancer

85
Q

What are the side effects of gonadotropin-releasing drugs: Leuprolide, Buserelin

A
  1. Impotence
  2. Hot flushes
  3. Pain at site bony metastases
86
Q

What are the side effects of progestins: Megestrol acetate

A

Weight gain

Pharm III (11 decks)

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