Flint working

Question 1

Direct hard percussion

Answer 1

Directly worked from hand-held hammerstone

Question 2

Direct soft percussion

Answer 2

Direct blows with antler/wood/sandstone

Question 3

Bipolar reduction

Answer 3

Hard percussion + soft percussion so that forces come from two directions

Question 4

Indirect percussion (punch)

Answer 4

‘Punch’ by antler/wood so that smaller platform scars are visible.
Angle of punch can be determined precisely.
A “follow-up” after direct percussion

Question 5

Contre-coup (retouching)

Answer 5

Edge of piece is struck after ‘punching’.
To making small flakes that can retouch a flake/blade

Question 6

Direct pressure

Answer 6

Arrowhead is held in hand to retouch via punching

Question 7

Direct pressure with anvil

Answer 7

Limited to small tools and serves as one of the contre-coup technique

Question 8

Indirect pressure

Answer 8

Short but powerful push with a T-piece.
To create long regular blades.
Prismatic core often associated

Question 9

Shaping and finishing

Answer 9

Grounding.
For working and polishing axes

Question 10

Difference between hard and soft percussion

Answer 10

Hard percussion:
Large bulb and percussion scar
Wide thick flakes
Wide striking platform and angle
No lip

Soft percussion:
Diffuse bulb
No percussion scar
Long thin flakes
Small striking angle with > 90 degrees
No point of impact
Presence of lip on ventral side

Question 11

Steep retouch

Answer 11

Worked one side
80 degree edge
square-trapezoidal end
Step termination (abrupt end)

Question 12

Edge retouch

Answer 12

Shell-shaped
60 degree edge
Hinge/feather termination

Question 13

Surface retouch

Answer 13

Whole surface worked
20-40 degree edge
Feather termination