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Flight Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

The PRESSURE of a gas is INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to the VOLUME of a gas at a constant temperature

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2
Q

What is Charles’ Law?

A

The VOLUME of a gas is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the absolute TEMPERATURE of a gas

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3
Q

What is Dalton’s Law?

A

The TOTAL PRESSURE of a gas mixture is the SUM OF THE PARTIAL PRESSURES OF ALL THE GASES in the mixture

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4
Q

What is Gay-Lussac’s Law?

A

There is a DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL relationship between TEMPERATURE and PRESSURE

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5
Q

What is Graham’s Law?

A

The rate of diffusion of a gas through a liquid medium is directly related to the solubility of the gas and inversely proportional to the square root of its density

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6
Q

What is Henry’s Law?

A

The quantity of gas dissolved in 1ml of a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in contact with the liquid

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7
Q

What is Decompression Sickness?

A

An illness related to Henry’s Law which includes 6 different types. Type 1 is nitrogen related and involves painful joints, mottled skin, and itching. Type 2 involves neurologic signs and symptoms along with hypovolemic shock.

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8
Q

What is an Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE)?

A

An illness related to Boyle’s Law which can be caused by breath holding during ascent on a dive leading to air pushing through alveoli and enters skin of neck and chest causing a pneumothorax. Air is also forced into the blood vessels, blocking them and causing ischemia. Patients can present with stroke like symptoms, cough, and nosebleed. Treatment requires immediate hyperbaric treatment and flight needs pressurized aircraft at less than 1000 feet.

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9
Q

What is Pulmonary Overpressurization?

A

An illness related to Boyle’s Law that occurs when breath holding compressed air during ascent. Lung overexpansion occurs ruptures alveoli leading to pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema

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10
Q

What are the atmosphere unit calculations?

A

Sea level = 1 ATM

every 33 feet below sea level is an additional ATM

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11
Q

What are the Atmosphere Zones?

A

Physiologic Zone: Sea Level to 10,000 feet (Night Vision decreases at 5,000 feet)

Physiologically Deficient Zone: 10,000 to 50,000 feet (Oxygen or pressurization is required to survive)

Space Equivalent Zone: Greater than 50,000 feet

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12
Q

What is time of useful consciousness in the physiologically deficient zone?

A

At 30,000 feet the time of useful consciousness is 90 seconds. In this Zone if sudden decompression occurs time of useful consciousness is cut in half.

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13
Q

What is the Oxygen Adjustment Calculation?

A

(FiO2 x P1) / P2 = FiO2 requires for ascent

P1= pressure you are at
P2= pressure you are flying to
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14
Q

What are the types of hypoxia?

A

Hypemic: reduction in O2 carrying capacity of blood (anemia & hemorrhage)

Histotoxic: limits use of available O2 due to poisoning of cytochrome oxidase system

Hypoxic: decreased partial pressure of oxygen at altitude or deficiency in alveolar exchange most effecting cardiovascular or pneumothorax patients

Stagnant: reduced cardiac output or blood pooling, often can be tied to high G forces or cardiogenic shock

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15
Q

What are the stages of hypoxia?

A

Indifferent: full reasoning abilities, some loss of night vision

Compensatory: increased HR, ventilations, slowed judgement

Disturbance: slurred speech, impaired judgement, “drunk”

Critical: no longer able to physiologically function, death imminent

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16
Q

What are the self imposed stressors of flight?

A 
Dehydration
Exhaustion
Alcohol
Tobacco
Hypoglycemia
17
Q

What are the inherent stressors of flight?

A 
Thermal changes
Decreased humidity 
Gravitational forces
Fatigue
Decreased partial pressure of oxygen
Barometric pressure change
Noise
Vibration
18
Q

What are the different G Forces?

A

Gx: Anterior/Posterior (Best tolerated)
Gz: Vertical
Gy: Lateral (Least tolerated)

Can be + or -.

19
Q

How are people affected by G Forces?

A

G Forces causes Blood Pressures to drop, typically with the greatest impact on people who take BP meds (particularly Beta Blockers) and dehydrated people

20
Q

What environment has the greatest negative impact on a patient?

A

Cold, Dry, High altitude (every 1,000 foot increase in elevation causes temp to drop 2 degrees Celsius, temperature is inversely proportional to altitude)

21
Q

What is Barondontaglia?

A

When air trapped in fillings expands due to Boyle’s Law; Occurs on ascent

22
Q

What is Barotitis?

A

Air trapped in middle ear can’t vent through the blocked Eustachian Tube; occurs on descent

23
Q

What is Barosinusitis?

A

Sinus problem that can also lead to pain in maxillary teeth; can occur on both ascent and descent

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