Flight Ops Flashcards
What’s a main advantage of an axial flow compressor turbine compared to a centrifugal type
smaller frontal area
Engine Pressure Ration (EPR) is correctly defined as…
the ratio of turbine discharge total pressure to the total pressure at the compressure inlet.
What are the 2 options for reverse thrust on large turbofans?
- pivoting blocker doors to deflect fan airstream forward
- diverting air through cascade vanes on the side of the engine cowling
While in BETA, the power lever controls both…
fuel flow and prop pitch
What does the dafety out-flow valve do for the aircraft pressurization system?
prevents excessive pressure within the aircraft.
What does a negative pressure relief valve do?
prevents the outside air pressure from becoming more than the internal cabin pressure.
What does a hydraulic accumulator do?
- absorbs power fluctuations or surges in the system
- stores system pressure to provide backup in case of pump failure
What do aircraft use to compensate for variable system demands in the hydraulic system?
use variable displacement hydraulic pumps
Describe how an anti-skid system works?
anti-skid control module detects wheel speed is lower than the reference speed and sends a signal to release the brakes.
Induced drag is ___ proportional to the ___ of the speed.
inversely, square
When operating an aircraft in the slow flight speed range, the required power is greater than that for endurance because…
the L/D ratio is reduced and the drag increased
In order to maintain maximum range in constant winds, a pilot flying a turbojet should…
reduce power / indicated airspeed as fuel weight decreases
To double the speed you need to ___ the thrust.
quadruple (x4)
Name a wing feature that will improve lateral stability
dihedral
If a dihedral wing drops, the aircraft must first develop a ___ towards that wing before the dihedral design can provide the forces needed to bring the wings back to level.
sideslip
How does a fully aft CG effect aircraft stability?
decreased longitudinal stability about the lateral axis
An aircraft has greater longitudinal stability when the C of G is…
well forward of the centre of pressure
How many degrees of bank are required for a rate one turn at a TAS of 200kts?
27°
Formula: TAS/10 +7
Yoru normal stall speed is 95, what’s your stall speed in a 60° baked turn?
134kts
(95 * SQRT of 2)
- 60° = 2G
- 45° = 1.4G
- 30° = 1.15G
Wing tip vortices would be at a MINIMUM for an aircraft flying at __ speed, with a ___ wing span, and in the clean configuration.
high, long
In respect to departing aircraft, vortex generation is most severe at what point?
the point immediately after rotation
What configuration creates the most wake turbulence?
slow, heavy and clean configuration
What’s is the critical engine on a 4 engine pro plane?
eith #1 or #4 outboard engines depending on prop rotation
The speed of sound in the atmosphere is solely dependent on…
air temperature
What’s the transonic flight range?
0.75 - 1.2 Mach
The 2 types of airflow normally present within the transonic regime of flight are…
subsonic and supersonic
When airflow passes through a shock wave, pressure ___, temperate ___, and velocity ___
- pressure increases
- temperature increases
- velocity decreases
What’s the critical Mach number?
The critical Mach number (Mcr or M* ) of an aircraft is the lowest Mach number at which the airflow over some point of the aircraft reaches the speed of sound, but does not exceed it.
Limiting Mach number is…
the maximum operating speed in relation to the speed of sound.
3 things to know about the Mach Meter
- The instrument contains an airspeed capsule and an altitude capsule
- Calculates the ratio between the aircraft’s TAS and the speed of sound
- The same Mach number can occur at different indicated air speeds
In high-speed aircraft, sweepback design is utilized to…
increase Critical Mach Number
A large aircraft with a conventional straight wing will have a ___ Critical Mach number, while an aircraft with a swept wing will have a ___ Critical Mach number.
lower, higher
An undesirable effect of Sweepback design in a jet is…
Dutch Roll tendency
What do wing vortex generators do?
delay boundary layer separation
What’s the purpose of leading edge flaps on large aircraft?
to increase the coefficient of lift by changing the camber of the wing
What do wing slats do?
direct air from under the leading edge to the top of the wing at high angles of attack.
What device is used on sweptback wings to decrease spanwise airflow and increase low-speed control effectiveness?
wing fences
What do spoilers do on large transport aircraft?
reduce lift and increase drag
Winglets reduce ___drag but do cause some increase in form drag.
induced
Main advantage of CANARD design?
reduced stall speeds
What do you call calibrated airspeed corrected for adiabatic compressible flow for a certain altitude?
Equivalent Airspeed
What air conditions cause the highest indicated airspeed?
cold, dry air
What are the 3 factors that affect hydroplaning?
- speed of aircraft
- tire pressure
- water depth
What’s dynamic hydroplaning?
when the tire lifts off the pavement and rides on the water and the wheels stop rotating
The higher the psi of the tire, the ___ the speed it will hydroplane at.
higher
The aircraft static source becomes blocked in cruise, what happens to airspeed if you descend?
descent = over read
climb = under read
What’s the acceleration error you may notice on the attitude indicator during take-off?
a false climb indication
Review the critical surfaces with regards to icing
- wings
- control surfaces
- props
- horizontal stabilizers
- vertical stabilizers
- upper surface of fuselage in the case of aircraft with rear mounted engines.
Frost, ice or snow, the thickness of sandpaper can a decrease in lift by ___% and increase drag by ___%.
30%, 40%
Following the application of Type I and Type IV fluid, you notice snow on top of the applied fluids, can you take off?
No
With regards to de-icing/anti-icing, holdover time begins when the ___ application of a de-icing/anti-icing fluid commences and expires when the fluid _____.
final, looses its effectiveness
