Flight Control Laws Flashcards
What does the mnemonic BYPALS stand for, and what does it describe?
It describes the basic flight envelope:
- Bank
- Yaw
- Pitch
- AoA
- Load
- Speed
What does the mnemonic BASAP stand for, and what does it describe?
It describes the Alpha Prot (which are the low speed) protections:
- Bank 45°
- Autopilot disconnect
- Speedbrakes retract
- AoA instead of load
- Pitch up trim inhibit
What does the mnemonic BASN stand for, and what does it describe?
It describes the high speed protections:
- Bank 40°
- Autopilot disconnect
- Seeks wings level
- Nose up movement
What does the mnemonic PAR AAA stand for, and what does it describe?
It describes the functions of the ELAC (Elevator Aileron Computer):
- Pitch
- Abnormal Attitudes
- Roll
- Aileron droop
- Autopilot acquisition
- Activates the protections
What does the mnemonic PAR SS stand for, and what does it describe?
It descibes the functions of the SEC (Spoiler Elevator Computer):
- Pitch
- Abnormal attitudes
- Roll
- Speed brakes
- Spoilers
What does the mnemonic B SWFT & RATTY stand for, and what does it describe?
It describes the functions of the FAC:
-
Beta target
- Flaps 1, 2, 3
- One engine > 80% N1 and the difference between N1s exceeds 35%.
- FAC controls the side slip indication to give best single engine performance
- ”Speed, speed, speed!”
- Given by Low Energy Warning
- Flaps 2-F, below 2000 feet to 100 feet
- Forewarns you what is coming?
- Alpha Floor — available from liftoff, up to cruise, and back down to to 100 feet on approach
-
Windshear
- Reactive
- 3-5 seconds = 50-1300 ft / 1300-50 ft
- Windshear on PFDs
-
Flight Envelope Protections
- Left side PFD
-
Tail — controls the following functions
- Rudder limiting
- Alternate Law yaw
- Turn coordination
- Trim
- Yaw damping
What are the ELACs, and what do they do?
ELAC = Elevator Aileron Computer
“PAR AAA”
- Pitch
- Abnormal attitudes
- Roll
- Aileron droop
- Autopilot acquisition
- Activates the protections
What are the SECs, and what do they do?
SEC = Spoilers Elevator Computer
“PAR SS”
- Pitch
- Abnormal attitudes
- Roll
- Speed brakes
- Spoilers
What do the FACs do?
It describes the functions of the FAC:
-
Beta target
- Flaps 1, 2, 3
- One engine > 80% N1 and the difference between N1s exceeds 35%.
- FAC controls the entire side slip indication
- ”Speed, speed, speed!”
- Given by Low Energy Warning
- Flaps 2-F, below 2000 feet to 100 feet
- Forewarns you what is coming?
- Alpha Floor — liftoff to 100 feet on approach
-
Windshear
- Reactive
- 3-5 seconds = 50-1300 ft / 1300-50 ft
- Windshear on PFDs
-
Flight Envelope Protections
- Speed tape symbology
-
Tail — controls the following functions
- Rudder limiting
- Alternate Law yaw
- Turn coordination
- Trim
- Yaw damping
NORMAL LAW
Describe the various BANK ANGLE PROTECTIONS
When handflying:
- Any bank angle up to 33°, the airplane will stay there if you release the stick.
- Bank angles in excess of 33°, the airplane will return to 33° if the stick is released.
- At 45°, the flight directors will disappear.
- At 40°, flight directors will come back.
- 67° is the max bank angle, which roughly corresponds with our 2.7g load factor limit.
What yaw protections do we have in Normal Law?
- Yaw damping
- Turn coordinating
What pitch protections do we have in Normal Law?
Nose up:
- Flaps 0-3: 30° decreasing to 25° as aircraft slows
- Flaps full: 25° decreasing to 20° as aircraft slows
- Flight director disappears at 25°, comes back at 22°
Nose down:
- 15° in all configurations
- Flight director disappears at 13°, comes back at 10°
What AoA protections do we have in Normal Law?
- VMAX, VLS, αPROT, αMAX
What load factor protections do we have in Normal Law?
- Clean: -1.0g to +2.5g
- “dirty”: -0g to +2.0g
- ALPHA FLOOR* “on FMA and EWD.”
What speed protections do we have in Normal Law? (Vmax)
“BASN”
- Speed protection becomes active at VMO+6
- Bank 40° (reduced from 67°)
- A/P disconnect
- Seeks wings level
- Nose up movement
- Speed will be limited to VMO+16
