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Parasitology > Flies > Flashcards

Flies Flashcards

1
Q

The stomach bots

A

Gasterophilus intestinalis, nasalis, hemorrhoidalis

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2
Q

Lifestycle of Gastrophilus spp.

A

Early larvae spend one month in the oral cavity.
2nd stage larvae proceed to the stomach and duodenum and molt to 3rd stage larvae where they will remain for 9-10 months.
Pass in feces, and pupate in the ground for 3-9 weeks .

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3
Q

“The common bot fly”

A

Gastrophilus intestinalis

- deposit eggs on the hairs of the forelegs and shoulders

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4
Q

“Throat bot fly”

A

Gasterophilus nasalis- deposit eggs on the hairs of the intermandibular space. Eggs hatch spontaneously. Larvae crawl into the mouth. The 2nd stage larvae move to the pyloric portion of the stomach .

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5
Q

The lip bot fly

A

Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis
eggs are on the short hairs that adjoin the lips. Eggs hatch spontaneously, and burrow into the mucous membranes in the mouth.
*before pasing the 3rd stage larvae regrasp the rectal mucosa and stay about oen week

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6
Q

The sheep nasal bot

A

Oestrus ovis
- females are larviparous. Larvae are deposited in the nostrils of sheep. Larvae migrate through the nasal passages to sinus cavities and attach to the mucous membranes. Larvae exit the nasal passages to fall to the ground pupate.
Treatment- oral ivermectin

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7
Q

Clinical signs of oestrus ovis

A

chronic nasal discharge, head shaking, paw at head

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8
Q

features of all bot flies

A

all cause obligatory internal myiasis of various organs.

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9
Q

Family muscidae

A

Blood sucking and non-blood sucking flies

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10
Q

the stable fly

A 
stomoxys calcitrans
"The biting housefly"
both sexes feed on blood. 
Tend to bite on the belly and legs. 
***Flies lay eggs and larvae feed in any  moist decaying vegetable debris including manure,  but DO NOT REQUIRE MANURE****
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11
Q

Control of Stomoxys calcitrans

A

clean up breeding sites, parasitic wasps

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12
Q

What is Stomoxys calcitrans a biologic vector for?

A

Trypanosomes, Haabronema microstoma

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13
Q

The “Horn Fly”

A

Haematobia irritans
Life cycle is dependent upon fresh cow manure
- biting by these flies reduces the production of animals
- stay close to the animal, so a topical insecticide prooves to be effective
Biological vector for Stephanofilaria

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14
Q

The “Tse-Tse fly”

A

Glossina
*Lays a single 3rd stage larvae that immediately pupates.
Biologic vector for Trypanosoma

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15
Q

The sheep ked

A

Melophagus ovinus
wingless flies.
The chestnut brown pupal case is glued to the wool of the host sheep.
Inflammation associated with heavy infestations leads to pruritis, biting, rubbing, wool loss

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16
Q

What is melophagus ovinus a vector for

A

Trypanosoma malophagium (of no clinical importance, but is found on blood smears)

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17
Q

Myiasis

A

invasion of tissue or organs of host animals by larval flies known as maggots or grubs. This is associated with facultative parasites.

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18
Q

What flies are responsible for Cutaneous myiasis

A

mucoid-type flies. Screwworms, blowflies, flesh flies- infestation is termed a fly strike

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19
Q

What flies are responsible for internal myiasis:

A

bots, nose bots, stomach bots, cattle grubs

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20
Q

What is the lifecycle of a blowfly?

A

All blowflies are oviparous. Females are attracted to necrotic tissue for ovipositioning, maggots typically feed only on dead tissue. They will drop to the ground, pupate, and then emerge as adults

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of myiasis

A

Blowflies

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22
Q

What is the cause of wool strike in sheep?

A

Blowflies

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23
Q

Dark metalic blue-black fly

A

Phormia regina

24
Q

What is the family name for the “flesh flies”:

A

sarcophagidae

25
Q

Genus Sarcophaga:

A

Female is larviparous- larvae appear in the wound instantaneously, larvae feed on living tissue.
- These contribute to cutaneous myiasis significantly

26
Q

Treatment for cutaneous myiasis

A

Wounds should be clipped and cleaned with an antiseptic wash and larvae removed, apply wound dressing that is not toxic to the host and promotes healing with dilute larvicidal compound.
Prevention- crutching of sheep and avoid wounds (surgery) during the fly season

27
Q

Screw worm

A

Cochliomyia hominivorax

28
Q

Cochliomyia hominivorax

A

Screwworm- female mates once and then lay their eggs on wounds. Eggs hatch within a day and the obligate parasitic maggots commense feeding on living flesh producing a fowl smelling brown-red discharge

29
Q

“rodent skin bot”

A

Cuterebra spp.

30
Q

Life cycle of Cuterebra spp.

A

females lay their eggs along rabbit runs and rodent burrows the larvae then enter the hosts through some body opening.

31
Q

“Cattle grups, warble fly, or heel fly”

A

Hypoderma spp.

32
Q

Hypoderma spp.

lineatum and H. bovis

A

The primary hosts are cattle.
Persistent, low levels of infection- this used to be extrememly common.
- Glue their eggs to the hairs on the animals legs.
- eggs hatch spontaneously and larvae penetrate the skin either directly or through a hair follicle. these larvae then migrate through the host.
H. lineatum appears in warm weather and persists for 2 monts. and then H bovis appears and remains for the rest of the summer.

33
Q

Migration of Hypoderma lineatum

A

larvae migrate between the fascial planes of muscle and along connective tissue. They accumulate between the fascial planes of muscle and along connective tissue. they accumulate in the submucosa of the esophagus . They over winter and then proceed to the back and warble and undergo molts

34
Q

Migration of Hypoderma bovis

A

Migrates along nerves and larvae accumulate in the spinal canal and around the epidural space. They then migrate to the back and then warble.

35
Q

Treatment of Hypoderma flies

A

Ivermectin works well

36
Q

House fly

A

Musca domestica
“Liquid feeder and the fly moistens semi-solid substances with a vomit-drop”
- lay eggs on filth-> maggots then grow int he filth- any moist decayign organic matter works for them.

37
Q

What is Musca domestica a biologic vector for?

A

Draschia megastome and Habronema muscae (stomach parasites of horses)

38
Q

The face fly

A

Musca autumnalis

39
Q

Musca autumnalis, and how it differentiates from Musca domestica

A

egg laying and larval development occur only in fresh undistrubed cow manure.
- feedlots are not condusive to face flies because the manure has to be undistrubed.

40
Q

Musca autumnalis movement characteristics.

A

They are strong flyers and easily move between herds. Face flies prefer bright sunshine and usually do not follow cattle into barns or heavy shade.

41
Q

What are Musca autumnalis a vector for?

A

Thelazia spp.

Can also serve as a mechanical vector for Moraxella bovis in cattle.

42
Q

What is the family name of the “short horned flies”

A

Tabanidae

43
Q

Deer fly

A

Chrysops

44
Q

What are characteristics of Family Tabanidae?

A

Mouthparts short with scissors-like stylets- cut into flesh and cause painful bites.

45
Q

Lifecycle of Tabanidae flies

A

Eggs are glued in masses near water. Larvae hatch and find water or mud. Larvae require months to a year to complete development. Larvae feed on anything. Females are hematophagous (only ones that feed on blood)

46
Q

What is the family tabinidae a vector for?

A

Equine infectious anemia, anaplasma, Trypanosoma theileri

47
Q

What are the black flies,

A

Simulium

48
Q

Simulium spp.

A

distributed worldwide
humped thorax is characteristic
Breed in highly oxygenated water.
These flies are active at sunset, but do not feed at night.

49
Q

Simulium spp. Life cycle

A

Eggs laid near water
Larvae hatch and submerge to the bottom and cling to the stones
Pupate
Adult emerges from pupa in the bubble of gas and bobs tot he surfae, floats on the surface for a bit until ready to fly.

50
Q

What is Simulium a vector for?

A

Onchocerca volvulus (river blindness in humans)
Onchocerca gutterosa of cattle
Leucocytozoon

51
Q

No-seeums, biting midges

A

Culicoides spp.

These require water!!!!! They are weak fliers, so they stay close to their water source.

52
Q

Summer itch

A

allergic dermatitis to the bites of Culicoides spp.

53
Q

what is Culicoides a vector for

A

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in deer populations.

Onchocerca cervicalis of horses

54
Q

Sand flies Life cycle

A

lay eggs in cracks, crevices or rodent burrows with 100% humidity. Adults are weak fliers, but are an important biologic vector for Leishmania spp.

55
Q

What is the viologic vector for Leishmania spp?

A

Sand flies

Parasitology (5 decks)

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