Flexibility for Sports-J. E. Zachazewski

Question 1

What does a athletes require to be successful?

Answer 1

Coordination
Endurance
Speed
Strength
Flexibility

Question 2

What is Joint ROM also dependent upon?

Answer 2

The shape and orientation of the joint surfaces

Question 3

What are Joint ROM and Muscle Flexibility Dependent on?

Answer 3

The various physiological and neurophysicological characteristics of the body’s tissues

Question 4

What are Two types of extracellular fibers that play a significant role in a person’s flexibility and warrant consideration by PT?

Answer 4

Collagen – provides skeletal structure that holds C.T. together, enabling the tissue to resist mechanical forces and deformation
Elastin – assists in the recovery of a tissue from deformation

Question 5

What is the Tendon Hierarchy biggest to smallest?

Answer 5

Tendon
Fascicle
Fibril
Subfibril
Microfibril
Tropocollagen

Question 6

Load bearing ability of collagen is dependent on three structural properties of collagen that establish its “Collagen-Fiber Suspension Bridge”. What are they?

Answer 6

Material properties
Size
Orientation

Question 7

What are the three mechanical properties of CT?

Answer 7

Elasticity
Viscoelasticity
Plasticity

Question 8

What are the physical properties of CT?

Answer 8

Force Relaxation
Creep Response
Hysteresis Response

Question 9

What are the four zones of the load-deformation curve, and the percent of collagen fiber deformation in each zone?

Answer 9

Zone I) Toe – 2%
Zone II) Linear – 4%
Zone III) Primary Failure – 6%
Zone IV) complete failure – 10%

Question 10

What are the six anatomical elements that are possible contributors to muscle stiffness (or resistance to deformity)?

Answer 10

1) Adhesion of one fibril to another or between muscle and overlying subcutaneous tissue
2) Epimysium
3) Perimysium & Endomysium
4) Sarcolemma
5) Contractile elements within muscle fiber
6) Associated tendons and their insertion