Flavoring Flashcards
what does flavor involve
taste
smell
touch
sighy
where do taste sensations come from
buds on all regions of the tongue
what are taste papillae
wart like bumps under the mucous memebrane on the tongue that increase the surface area of the tongue and contain sensory cells
describe how the perception of flavor is ssent to the brain
chemical substance contacts sensory cell activating it to transmit messenger substances which activate nerve cells and send impulses for a particular preception of flavor to the brain
what are the receptors for each taste
sour unknown
salty- sodium channel
sweet, bitter, umami- GPCR
what flavor do children like
fruity
what flavor do adults like
acidic
what flavor do elderly like
mint
what group is associated with sweet
hydroxyl groups
what groups is sour associated with
hydrogen ions - dissociation of acids
what groups is salty associated with
inorganic salts XCl
what gtoup is bitterness associated with
amine
what group is umami caused by
glutamic or aspartic acid
how is hot and spicy perceived
pain signal sent via temperature and touch receptors on the tongue
what flavors hide salty taste
citrus
fruit
butterscotch
maple
what flavors hide bitter
wild cherry walnut chocolate mint licorice chocolate
what flavors hide sweet
fruit
berry
vanilla
what flavors hide acid
citrus
fruit
what four properties must falvors have to be used in formulation
non toxic
soluble
stable
compatible
what are some ways other than flavors to obscure unpleasant taste
formulate as confectionary
use insoluble form
use of effervescent powders
how do antibiotics affect taste
secreted in the saliva
metronidazole and clarithromycin cause metallic taste
how do antineouplastic drugs affect taste
cell turnover kills taste buds
what tastes do angiotension converting enzymes and ACE inhibitors cause
metallic
sweet
salty
what two things are required for taste
saliva to dissolve food
zinc as cofactor
how else do zinc inhibitors affect taste
chelate zinc to prevent it from interacting with the taste buds
what drugs bind zinc and lead to altered taste
anti thyroid
how do calcium channel blockers affect taste
inhibition of calcium channels at taste receptors
what taste doe zoplicone cause
metallic
how does age affect taste
number of taste buds reduced with age
why do drugs that plug the nose affect taste
aroma is a part of taste
how are water containing solutions and suspensions flavored
artificial water soluble flavors 1-4%
what concentration of powdered flavors are used
5%
how are oil flavours used
with emulsifying agent in aqeuous preparations 0.1-1%
what are common artificial sweetners and their concentrations
stevia: .1-.5%
aspartame: .1%
acesulfame: .1-,5%
saccharin: .1%
what are ways to mask taste for children
add syrup sweetners, hard candy or cold cant after
crush and put in foods
what are counseling tips for parents giving children medications
importance of getting the full dose
using the medication as soon as it is mixed
