Flavoring

Question 1

what does flavor involve

Answer 1

taste
smell
touch
sighy

Question 2

where do taste sensations come from

Answer 2

buds on all regions of the tongue

Question 3

what are taste papillae

Answer 3

wart like bumps under the mucous memebrane on the tongue that increase the surface area of the tongue and contain sensory cells

Question 4

describe how the perception of flavor is ssent to the brain

Answer 4

chemical substance contacts sensory cell activating it to transmit messenger substances which activate nerve cells and send impulses for a particular preception of flavor to the brain

Question 5

what are the receptors for each taste

Answer 5

sour unknown
salty- sodium channel
sweet, bitter, umami- GPCR

Question 6

what flavor do children like

Answer 6

fruity

Question 7

what flavor do adults like

Answer 7

acidic

Question 8

what flavor do elderly like

Answer 8

mint

Question 9

what group is associated with sweet

Answer 9

hydroxyl groups

Question 10

what groups is sour associated with

Answer 10

hydrogen ions - dissociation of acids

Question 11

what groups is salty associated with

Answer 11

inorganic salts XCl

Question 12

what gtoup is bitterness associated with

Answer 12

amine

Question 13

what group is umami caused by

Answer 13

glutamic or aspartic acid

Question 14

how is hot and spicy perceived

Answer 14

pain signal sent via temperature and touch receptors on the tongue

Question 15

what flavors hide salty taste

Answer 15

citrus
fruit
butterscotch
maple

Question 16

what flavors hide bitter

Answer 16

wild cherry
walnut
chocolate mint
licorice
chocolate

Question 17

what flavors hide sweet

Answer 17

fruit
berry
vanilla

Question 18

what flavors hide acid

Answer 18

citrus

fruit

Question 19

what four properties must falvors have to be used in formulation

Answer 19

non toxic
soluble
stable
compatible

Question 20

what are some ways other than flavors to obscure unpleasant taste

Answer 20

formulate as confectionary
use insoluble form
use of effervescent powders

Question 21

how do antibiotics affect taste

Answer 21

secreted in the saliva

metronidazole and clarithromycin cause metallic taste

Question 22

how do antineouplastic drugs affect taste

Answer 22

cell turnover kills taste buds

Question 23

what tastes do angiotension converting enzymes and ACE inhibitors cause

Answer 23

metallic
sweet
salty

Question 24

what two things are required for taste

Answer 24

saliva to dissolve food

zinc as cofactor

Question 25

how else do zinc inhibitors affect taste

Answer 25

chelate zinc to prevent it from interacting with the taste buds

Question 26

what drugs bind zinc and lead to altered taste

Answer 26

anti thyroid

Question 27

how do calcium channel blockers affect taste

Answer 27

inhibition of calcium channels at taste receptors

Question 28

what taste doe zoplicone cause

Answer 28

metallic

Question 29

how does age affect taste

Answer 29

number of taste buds reduced with age

Question 30

why do drugs that plug the nose affect taste

Answer 30

aroma is a part of taste

Question 31

how are water containing solutions and suspensions flavored

Answer 31

artificial water soluble flavors 1-4%

Question 32

what concentration of powdered flavors are used

Answer 32

5%

Question 33

how are oil flavours used

Answer 33

with emulsifying agent in aqeuous preparations 0.1-1%

Question 34

what are common artificial sweetners and their concentrations

Answer 34

stevia: .1-.5%
aspartame: .1%
acesulfame: .1-,5%
saccharin: .1%

Question 35

what are ways to mask taste for children

Answer 35

add syrup sweetners, hard candy or cold cant after

crush and put in foods

Question 36

what are counseling tips for parents giving children medications

Answer 36

importance of getting the full dose

using the medication as soon as it is mixed