Flashcards - Computer Systems Week 5_ Hardware Basics
What is the main cycle that a microprocessor goes through after being switched on?
Fetch-Execute Cycle
In the Fetch-Execute Cycle, which two components are primarily involved?
CPU and memory
What does the acronym CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit
What is the purpose of the CPU Clock?
To synchronize operations in the CPU
What are the two types of information stored in memory?
Instructions and data
Name a demonstration that helps understand computer operation in this week’s material.
Little Man Computer (LMC)
What does LMC stand for?
Little Man Computer
Which instruction in the LMC is used to load data from a memory address?
LOAD
Which LMC instruction would you use to add two values?
ADD
What does the STOP instruction do in LMC?
It halts the execution of the program
In the LMC instruction set, what is the purpose of the STORE command?
To save a value to a specific memory location
What is the maximum number designation in LMC for a three-digit code?
999
What kind of values can an operand represent?
A memory location or a numeric value
In computing, what does the term ‘instruction set’ refer to?
The group of commands understood by a CPU
Which instruction is used to output data in LMC?
OUTPUT/PRINT
What is the purpose of separating program instructions and data within LMC?
To avoid confusion and manage resources effectively
At which memory location does the addition program start in LMC?
Location 00
What does ‘I/O’ stand for in computing?
Input/Output
Where are the LMC user instructions stored during program execution?
In specific memory addresses or ‘pigeonholes’
What does the program counter (PC) do in a CPU?
It keeps track of the next instruction to execute
How does a CPU execute instructions sequentially?
By fetching each instruction from memory one at a time
