Flashcards - 5
Subterranean
: located or living under the surface of the ground
: existing or working in secret
Synonyms: subsurface, belowground, underground
Antonyms: aboveground, surface
Luddite
: one of a group of early 19th century English workmen destroying laborsaving machinery as a protest; broadly : one who is opposed to especially technological change
Luddite adjective
Origin: perhaps from Ned Ludd, 18th century Leicestershire workman who destroyed a knitting frame.
First use: 1811
Radical
: very new and different from what is traditional or ordinary
: very basic and important
: having extreme political or social views that are not shared by most people
Prefigure
: to show or suggest (something that will happen or exist at a future time)
Egalitarian
: aiming for equal wealth, status, etc., for all people
Full Definition
: asserting, promoting, or marked by egalitarianism
egalitarian noun
Origin: French égalitaire, from égalité equality, from Latin aequalitat-, aequalitas, from aequalis equal.
First use: 1885
Whimsy
: a playful or amusing quality : a sense of humor or playfulness
Full Definition
1 : whim, caprice
2 : the quality or state of being whimsical or fanciful s latest whimsy is that she has acting talent
Variants: also whim·sey \ˈhwim-zē, ˈwim-\
Origin: irregular from whim-wham.
First use: 1605
Synonyms: bee, caprice, crank, fancy, freak, humor, kink, maggot, megrim, notion, vagary, vagrancy, whim (also whimsey)
Insular
: separated from other people or cultures : not knowing or interested in new or different ideas
Full Definition
1 a : of, relating to, or constituting an island
b : dwelling or situated on an island
2 : characteristic of an isolated people; especially : being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial viewpoint
3 : of or relating to an island of cells or tissue
in·su·lar·ism -lə-ˌri-zəm\ noun
in·su·lar·i·ty \ˌin(t)-su̇-ˈla-rə-tē, -syu̇-, ˌin-shə-ˈla-\ noun
in·su·lar·ly \ˈin(t)-su̇-lər-lē, -syu̇-, ˈin-shə-\ adverb
Examples
an insular community that is not receptive of new ideas, especially from outsiders
Origin: Late Latin insularis, from Latin insula island.
First use: 1611
Synonyms: illiberal, narrow, Lilliputian, little, narrow-minded, parochial, petty, picayune, provincial, sectarian, small, small-minded
Antonyms: broad-minded, catholic, cosmopolitan, liberal, open, open-minded, receptive, tolerant
Dichotomy
di·chot·o·my\dī-ˈkä-tə-mē also də-\
noun
: a difference between two opposite things : a division into two opposite groups
Full Definition
1 : a division into two especially mutually exclusive or contradictory groups or entities ; also : the process or practice of making such a division
2 : the phase of the moon or an inferior planet in which half its disk appears illuminated
3 a : bifurcation; especially : repeated bifurcation (as of a plant’s stem)
b : a system of branching in which the main axis forks repeatedly into two branches
c : branching of an ancestral line into two equal diverging branches
4 : something with seemingly contradictory qualities
Other forms: plural di·chot·o·mies
Examples
her outfit is a sartorial dichotomy: an elegant gown and ratty old tennis shoes
Origin: Greek dichotomia, from dichotomos (see dichotomous ).
First use: 1610
Synonyms: contradiction, incongruity, paradox
Sartorial
\: of or relating to clothes Full Definition \: of or relating to a tailor or tailored clothes; broadly : of or relating to clothes sar·to·ri·al·ly \-ē-ə-lē\ adverb Origin: Medieval Latin sartor. First use: 1823
Punitive
: intended to punish someone or something
: extremely or unfairly severe or high
Full Definition
: inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment
pu·ni·tive·ly adverb
pu·ni·tive·ness noun
Examples
any misbehavior was immediately met with a punitive response
the company had to pay a million dollars in punitive damages
Origin: French punitif, from Medieval Latin punitivus, from Latin punitus, past participle of punire.
First use: 1624
Synonyms: castigating, chastening, chastising, correcting, correctional, corrective, disciplinary, disciplining, penal, penalizing
Acumen
acu·men\ə-ˈkyü-mən, ˈa-kyə-mən\
noun
: the ability to think clearly and make good decisions
Full Definition
: keenness and depth of perception, discernment, or discrimination especially in practical matters
synonyms see discernment
Examples
had the business acumen to know that the market for sportswear was becoming oversaturated
Origin: Latin acumin-, acumen, literally, point, from acuere.
First use: circa 1579
Synonyms: astuteness, caginess (also cageyness), canniness, clear-sightedness, foxiness, hardheadedness, intelligence, keenness, knowingness, sharpness, shrewdness, wit
Unfettered
: not controlled or restricted
Full Definition
: free, unrestrained
First use: 1601
Capitalism
: a way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) are owned by individual people and companies rather than by the government
Full Definition
: an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market
Inordinate
: going beyond what is usual, normal, or proper
Full Definition
1 archaic : disorderly, unregulated
2 : exceeding reasonable limits : immoderate
synonyms see excessive
in·or·di·nate·ly adverb
in·or·di·nate·ness noun
Examples
an inordinate number of complaints about the slow pace of snow removal around the city
Origin: Middle English inordinat, from Latin inordinatus, from in- + ordinatus, past participle of ordinare to arrange — more at ordain.
First use: 14th century
Synonyms: baroque, devilish, exorbitant, extravagant, extreme, fancy, immoderate, excessive, insane, intolerable, lavish, overdue, overextravagant, overmuch, overweening, plethoric, steep, stiff, towering, unconscionable, undue, unmerciful
Labyrinthine
adjective
1 : of, relating to, or resembling a labyrinth : intricate, involved
2 : of, relating to, affecting, or originating in the internal ear
Examples
the labyrinthine politics of Central Europe left us totally befuddled
First use: 1632
Synonyms: baroque, byzantine, complicate, complicated, convoluted, daedal, elaborate, intricate, involute, involved, knotty, labyrinthian, complex, sophisticated, tangled
Behemoth
: something very big and powerful
Synonyms: giant, blockbuster, colossus, dinosaur, dreadnought, elephant, Goliath, jumbo, leviathan, mammoth, mastodon, monster, titan, whale, whopper
Protem
“for the time being”
Vituperative
transitive verb \: to abuse or censure severely or abusively : berate intransitive verb \: to use harsh condemnatory language synonyms see scold
Manifest
: able to be seen : clearly shown or visible
: easy to understand or recognize
Full Definition
1 : readily perceived by the senses and especially by the sense of sight
2 : easily understood or recognized by the mind : obvious
synonyms see evident
man·i·fest·ly adverb
Origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French or Latin; Anglo-French manifeste, from Latin manifestus caught in the act, flagrant, obvious, perhaps from manus + -festus (akin to Latin infestus hostile).
First use: 14th century
Synonyms: apparent, bald, bald-faced, barefaced, bright-line, broad, clear-cut, crystal clear, decided, distinct, evident, lucid, luculent, luminous, clear, nonambiguous, obvious, open-and-shut, palpable, patent, pellucid, perspicuous, plain, ringing, straightforward, transparent, unambiguous, unambivalent, unequivocal, unmistakable
Deadpan
: showing no feeling or emotion
Synonyms: catatonic, blank, empty, expressionless, impassive, inexpressive, numb, stolid, vacant
Depilation
: the removal of hair, wool, or bristles by chemical or mechanical methods
Arrogate
: to take or claim (something, such as a right or a privilege) in a way that is not fair or legal
Disdain
: a feeling of strong dislike or disapproval of someone or something you think does not deserve respect
Synonyms: contemptuousness, despisement, despite, despitefulness, contempt, misprision, scorn
Megalithic
: a very large stone used in ancient cultures as a monument or part of a building
Torrid
: very hot and usually dry
: showing or expressing very strong feelings especially of sexual or romantic desire
: very difficult, uncomfortable, or unpleasant
Muggy
: unpleasantly warm and humid
Synonyms: damp, humid, sticky, sultry
Quaint
: having an old-fashioned or unusual quality or appearance that is usually attractive or appealing
Synonyms: bizarre, bizarro, cranky, crazy, curious, eccentric, erratic, far-out, funky, funny, kinky, kooky (also kookie), offbeat, off-kilter, off-the-wall, outlandish, out-of-the-way, outré, peculiar, odd, queer, queerish, quirky, remarkable, rum [chiefly British], screwy, spaced-out, strange, wacky (also whacky), way-out, weird, weirdo, wild
Calligraphy
: the art of making beautiful handwriting
Full Definition
1 a : artistic, stylized, or elegant handwriting or lettering
b : the art of producing such writing
2 : penmanship
3 : an ornamental line in drawing or painting
cal·li·graph·ic \ˌka-lə-ˈgra-fik\ adjective
cal·li·graph·i·cal·ly -fi-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
Examples
she specializes in scrollwork with beautiful calligraphy
Origin: French or Greek; French calligraphie, from Greek kalligraphia, from kalli- beautiful (from kallos beauty) + -graphia -graphy.
First use: 1604
Synonyms: handwriting, longhand, manuscript, penmanship, script
Artifact
: a simple object (such as a tool or weapon) that was made by people in the past
: an accidental effect that causes incorrect results
Insulae
In Roman architecture, an insula (Latin for “island,” plural insulae) was a kind of apartment building that housed most of the urban citizen population of ancient Rome, including ordinary people of lower- or middle-class status (the plebs) and all but the wealthiest from the upper-middle class (the equites).
Harbinger
: something that shows what is coming
Synonyms: angel, foregoer, forerunner, herald, outrider, precursor
: to be a harbinger of : presage
Precursor
: something that comes before something else and that often leads to or influences its development
Synonyms: angel, foregoer, harbinger, herald, outrider, forerunner
Deluge
: a large amount of rain that suddenly falls in an area
: a situation in which a large area of land becomes completely covered with water
: a large amount of things that come at the same time
Synonyms: alluvion, bath, cataclysm, cataract, flood, flood tide, inundation, Niagara, overflow, spate, torrent
Decry
: to say publicly and forcefully that you regard (something) as bad, wrong, etc.
Churlish
: not polite
Synonyms: boorish, clownish, classless, cloddish, loutish, uncouth, surly, vulgar, intractable
Bilious
: having or causing a sick feeling in the stomach : feeling or causing nausea
: angry or bad-tempered
: very unpleasant to look at
Synonyms: acid, bearish, ill–tempered, bloody-minded [chiefly British], cantankerous, disagreeable, dyspeptic, ill-humored, ill-natured, ornery, splenetic, surly
Hail
1 : an exclamation of greeting or acclamation
2 : a calling to attract attention
3 : hearing distance
Bamboozle
: to trick or confuse (someone)
Dupe, hoodwink
Rattle
1 : to make a rapid succession of short sharp noises
2 : to chatter incessantly and aimlessly
3 : to move with a clatter or rattle; also : to be or move about in a place or station too large or grand
: a series of short, loud sounds
: a baby’s toy that makes a series of short sounds when it is shaken
: the group of hard, loose pieces (called scales) that cover the end of a rattlesnake’s tail
Synonyms: babel, blare, bluster, bowwow, brawl, bruit [archaic], cacophony, chatter, clamor, clangor, decibel(s), din, discordance, katzenjammer, racket, noise, roar
Defiance
: a refusal to obey something or someone : the act of defying someone or something