Flashcards
Describe the role of an operating system in error detection and response.
The operating system can detect errors like device failure and software errors, providing appropriate responses to clear the error condition with minimal impact on running applications.
What are the functions of an operating system in terms of performance parameter monitoring?
The operating system must collect usage statistics from processes, such as response time, to use as a basis for system performance improvements.
Define Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) in the context of operating systems.
ISA defines the collection of machine language instructions a computer can follow, including additional instructions for managing a system’s ISA.
How does the Application Binary Interface (ABI) contribute to operating system functionality?
ABI defines a standard for binary portability across programs, including the system call interface to the OS and hardware resources/services available through the ISA.
Describe the purpose of an Application Program Interface (API) in relation to operating systems.
API allows a program to access hardware resources and services available in a system through the ISA, supplemented with high-level language library calls for easier porting of application software.
What are some objectives of an operating system according to Stallings (2018)?
An operating system aims to make a computer convenient to use and allow efficient utilization of computer resources.
Explain the composition of an operating system.
An operating system consists of instructions executed by the processor, including the kernel, administration tools, and system libraries to manage hardware resources and coordinate their use among various programs and users.
Describe the role of an operating system in a computer system.
The operating system manages the allocation of computer resources, provides a convenient interface for users, and hides hardware details from programmers.
What are some services provided by an operating system for program development?
Operating systems provide utility programs like editors and debuggers, serving as application program development tools.
How do operating systems evolve over time?
Operating systems evolve due to hardware upgrades, new services, fixes to existing faults, and improvements in program execution and access to I/O devices.
Define the concept of serial processing in the context of operating systems.
Serial processing refers to the direct interaction of programmers with computer hardware in the absence of operating systems, typically from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s.
What are some functions of an operating system related to file management?
Operating systems control access to files, provide protection mechanisms, and ensure a uniform interface for I/O devices’ operation.
How does an operating system handle system resource access?
Operating systems control access to the entire system and specific resources through access functions and authorizations.
Describe the main problems associated with serial processing.
Serial processing limits effective compute capacity when multiple users request service simultaneously, leading to reduced allocation per user and increased operating system overhead.
Describe the Compatible Time-sharing System (CTSS)
CTSS was one of the first time-sharing operating systems developed at MIT for the IBM 709 computer system, allowing users to sign up for allocated blocks of computer time.
