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BDS5 > Fixed Pros > Flashcards

Fixed Pros Flashcards

1
Q

What factors affect perception of colour

A
  • Light source: natural light (5500K), chair light
  • Object: reflects, absorption
  • Observer
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2
Q

What are the attributes of colour

A
  • Hue: quality by which possible to distinguish colours
  • Value: achromatic measure of the lightness or darkness
  • Chroma: degree of strength or saturation of colour of certain hue
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3
Q

What Is metamerism

A
  • Phenomenon when two objects appear to have same colour under one lighting and different under others
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4
Q

What can you tell about porcelain structure

A
  • Glass network broken up by modifiers to control properties, including solubility, viscosity, softening temperature and thermal expansion
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5
Q

What are the properties of dental ceramic and glasses

A
  • Brittleness and hardness
  • High modulus of elasticity
  • Low thermal and electrical conductivity
  • Inertness and good resistance to chemical attack
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6
Q

What are the methods of strengthening porcelain

A
  • Porcelain fused to metals substructures
  • Fusing to strong crystalline substructure
  • Ion exchange
  • Controlled crystallisation of glasses
  • Resin-bonded ceramics
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7
Q

What are the glasses (ceramic types)

A
  • Aluminosilicate
  • Borosilicate
  • Weaker veneering materials
  • Tissue augmentation
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8
Q

What are crystalline ceramics

A
  • Alumina and zirconia
  • High strength substructures
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9
Q

What are glass-ceramics

A
  • Leucite, apatite
  • Lithium disilicate
  • Fusing to metal or ceramic substructure
  • (Cast or heat pressed)
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10
Q

What are the laboratory stages in making a crown

A
  • Pour and articulate casts
  • Wax pattern to full contour
  • Cut back wax pattern to correct contour for substructure
  • Wax sprued
  • Invest the wax
  • Burn out wax and cast
  • Divest and sandblast
  • Remove spruce and trim
  • Add the porcelain
  • Stains can be applied
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11
Q

What are the advantages of PFM

A
  • High strength and suitable for crowns, bridges and implants
  • Good aesthetics and fit
  • Favourable wear properties on metal surfaces
  • Rests seats, guideplanes and metal occlusal surfaces can be incorporated
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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of PFM

A
  • Aesthetics and contour are poor if tooth is under prepared
  • Opacity contraindicates for thin veneers
  • Biocompatibility issues with some patients
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13
Q

What are the types of bridges

A
  • Fixed-Fixed Conventional Design.
  • Fixed Cantilever Design.
  • Fixed Movable Design.
  • Resin Retained Bridge
  • Hybrid
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14
Q

What are the pontic designs

A
  • Ovate.
  • Point/Bullet.
  • Modified Ridge Lap.
  • Hygienic
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15
Q

What are indications for cores for teeth with vital pulps

A
  • Teeth are vital but lost substantial amounts of tissues.
  • Periodontal condition and hard tissue stable
  • Needed for the crown
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16
Q

What happens to the pulp in vital tooth with core

A
  • 17% of teeth will become non-vital (felton)
  • Stressed pulp syndrome: repeated insult to the tooth leads to pulp necrosis
  • 1mm from the pulp more likely to cause irreversible pulpitis (Shovelton)
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17
Q

Whats the problems with lining materials

A
  • Difficult to pack filling materials on some lining materials
  • Weak compressive strength
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18
Q

How to protect thin wall of dentine

A
  • Setting calcium hydroxide cement: high pH, stimulates tertiary dentine, toxic to carious bacteria.
  • Disadvantages: brittle so apply thinly, soluble and microleakage, doesn’t bond tooth structure
  • Dentine bonding agents: seal cut dentine after removal of smear layer
  • Glass Ionomer: unsuitable weak bond strength, brittle and leaches away
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19
Q

What are the advantages of amalgam as a core

A
  • Strong compressive strength
  • Easy to mix
  • Relatively cheap
  • Good Longevity
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20
Q

What are the disadvantages of amalgam core

A
  • Colour
  • Non – adhesive
  • Environmental issues
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21
Q

What are the advantages of a composite core

A
  • Good colour match
  • Bonding to the tooth
  • Doesn’t require mechanical retention
  • Suitable compressive strength
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22
Q

What are the disadvantages of composite core

A
  • Water inclusion over time
  • Initial polymerisation shrinkage
  • strength
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23
Q

How to increase retention of your core (amalgam)

A
  • Undercuts
  • Slots, grooves
  • Adhesives: most are not successful long term
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24
Q

What are the problems with dentine pins

A
  • They cause stress in dentine leading to micro cracks
  • May be near the pulp
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25
Q

What are parapost characteristics and benefits of each

A
  • Parallel sided: increased retention over tapered
  • Serrated: 8x increase In retention over smooth
  • Cement escape channel: allows full seating
  • Rounded tip: reduces stress
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26
Q

What comes in parapost system

A
  • Drill
  • Plastic impression posts (smooth)
  • Burnout posts (serrated)
  • Wrought metal ‘cast on’ posts in stainless steal or gold
  • Aluminium temporary posts
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27
Q

How to assess the size of post

A
  • Use the post of Rad
  • Hold measure device against
  • Removes least dentine
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28
Q

How to prepare canal for post and how much GP to be preserved

A
  • 4mm GP at apex
  • GG bur first
  • Narrow drill and build up
  • Use silicone stopper
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29
Q

How to do the direct post technique (sending to lab)

A
  • Serrated ‘burn out post
  • Use duralay or wax to shape
  • Check occlusion and send to be cast
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30
Q

How to do direct technique post (chairside)

A
  • Place wrought gold in canal
  • Cut so 1-2mm protruding
  • Apply composite resin with etch and bond
  • Contour to core shape
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31
Q

What is the indirect post technique (smooth post)

A
  • Place smooth impression post
  • Trim to height of neighbouring tooth
  • Put groves on post that protrudes and apply adhesive
  • Take impression of it (light body in area)
  • Will come out with impression
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32
Q

Problems with indirect impression technique for posts

A
  • Impression material doesn’t go in canal: inaccuracy or post moving if put in first
  • Multiple appointments
  • Costs (lab work)
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33
Q

How to temporise a post system

A
  • Place aluminium temp post
  • Trim
  • Make temp crown
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34
Q

What are the two types of luting agents

A
  • Non adhesive: reliant on retentive preps
  • Adhesive: reliant on micromechanical retention/bond
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35
Q

What are non-adhesive luting agents

A
  • Crowns, retentive onlays, posts
  • Zinc phosphate
  • Zinc polycarboxylate
  • Glass ionomer
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36
Q

What are adhesive luting agents

A
  • Crowns, RBB, inlay/onlay, veneers, posts
  • Resin based cement: Panavia, Rely X Ultimate
  • Glass ionomer compomer based (aquacem)
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37
Q

How to we check crown on die

A
  • Check the fit surfaces on crown for defects: casting nodules or ‘bubbles’
  • Check die for damage: margin deficiencies, proximal contacts of adjacent teeth
  • Check crown on die: ledges, over/under extended margins, casting only touch margins
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38
Q

How do you check crown on patient

A
  • Seat crown without forcing
  • Check seated fully
  • Try not to use LA to give patient proprioception
  • Floss contacts
  • Check margins
  • Aesthetics
  • Check occlusion, with and without crown, opposite side
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39
Q

Common errors affecting marginal fit and failing to seat crown

A
  • Tight proximal contacts
  • Casting nodule on fit surface
  • Over/under extended crown margins
  • No die spacer
  • Impression distortion
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40
Q

What are the causes of over-extended margin (beyond finish line)

A
  • Poor impression
  • Surplus untrimmed ceramic or wax
  • Improperly trimmed die
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41
Q

What are the causes of under-extended margin (ledge)

A
  • Poor impression
  • Over polished casting
  • Improperly trimmed die
  • Difficult to identify finish line
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42
Q

What are the causes of over contoured (thick) crown

A
  • Lab over waxed
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43
Q

What are the causes of an open margin

A
  • Casting not completely seated
  • Poor impression
  • Incomplete casting
  • Improperly trimmed die
  • Over polished casting
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44
Q

What to do if the contact is open or tight

A
  • Too tight then adjust tight side with rubber wheel
  • Open contact: modified in lab
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45
Q

Adjustment of marginal fit of crown

A
  • Over-extended: adjusted with soflex disc
  • Deficient need to be remade
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46
Q

How to assess occlusion

A
  • Must be first and last to be checked
  • Identify a pair of adjacent occluding teeth and assess resistance with shim stock (10 micro..) without the crown and with
  • Mark high spots GHM in ICP use miller forceps
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47
Q

What are indication of zinc phosphate cement

A
  • Single metal or metal-ceramic crowns, Lithium Disilicate, Zirconia crowns with retentive design features, posts
  • Advantages: longest track record, high compressive strength, low film thickness, reasonable working time
  • Disadvantages: low tensile strength, no adhesion, not resistant to acid dissolution
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48
Q

What are indication of polycarboxylate cement

A
  • Indications same as zinc phosphate
  • Traditionally used for vital or sensitive teeth (but no evidence to support its efficacy)
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49
Q

What are the indications of GIC cement

A
  • Mentioned above
  • Advantages: high compressive strength, low film thickness, fluoride release, reasonable working time, bond to tooth, resistant to water dissolution
  • Disadvantages: sensitive to early moisture, low tensile strength, no molecular adhesion to the crown
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50
Q

What are indicationos for RMGIC cement

A
  • Not recommended for ceramic crowns, onlay, veneers
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51
Q

What are resin cements adv and dis

A
  • Advantages: high compressive strength, high tensile strength, resistant to water dissolution, resistant to acid dissolution, adhesion to the tooth and crown material
  • Disadvantage: technique sensitive, variable film thickness, marginal leakage due to polymerization shrinkage
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52
Q

What is the problem with post in posterior teeth

A
  • Divergent and curved roots
  • Prep of canal for post will cause perforation
  • Teeth are already weakened after RCT and post will weaken it further
53
Q

What is nayyar core

A
  • 4mm into each canal
  • Use GG bur
  • Built to full contour
54
Q

What is the difference between temporary and provisional

A
  • Temporary lasts until proper crown
  • Provisional is a temporary crown to test changes in the crown shape, colour, occlusion during function. Lasts longer than a few weeks
55
Q

What are the functions of temporary crown

A
  • To protect the open tubules from micro leakage and protect root canal treated teeth from bacterial invasion
  • Maintain occlusal relationship, preventing over eruption
  • To maintain the interdental space and contacts. Preventing of tilting on neighbouring teeth
  • To prevent gingival hyperplasia at the margins and maintain gingival health. In some cases, improve gingival health when placed over previously overhanging restorations.
  • Maintain appearance
  • Extra: can use gauge to measure thickness to see if prep is good
56
Q

Why do we need Provisionals

A
  • Same as temps and
  • Check changes in occlusions are acceptable
  • Check phonetics
  • Check aesthetics
  • Check mastication
57
Q

What are lab made Provisionals

A
  • Aesthetically demanding cases to visualise as closely as possible to proposed final result
  • Long term temporisation where healing is required (implants)
  • Creation of optimum tissue health around multiple preparations before taking definitive impression
  • To create and ensure occlusal stability in full arch cases before final jaw registration
58
Q

What are materials for temporary

A
  • Acrylic resins (polymethacrylate)
  • Bis acryl composite: Protemp, quicktemp
  • Poly methyl methacrylate: Duralay
59
Q

How can you create temporaries and provisionals

A
  • Over impressions: using putty or alginate indices
  • Vacuum formed matrix: created on cast prior to the prep
  • Polycarbonate crown: only for anterior and premolar (prefab)
  • Aluminium crown: for molars
  • Celluloid crown formers: usually only for anterior
60
Q

What instructions to the patient after temp crown

A
  • Temp crowns are fragile
  • Avoid eating until numbness wears off
  • Avoid chewing on hard or crunchy foods
  • Avoid extreme hot and cold foods in the first few days
  • Avoid chewing gum or sticky candy
  • Contact clinician it comes off
  • Hot or cold sensitivity for one week
  • Floss certain way, Te-pe brushes
61
Q

What are the problems sub gingival preparation

A
  • Difficult prepare, record, cement and clean
  • Long term perio health can affected
  • Risk of marginal leakage
  • Risk of encroaching on the biological width leading to persistent gingival inflammation, bone loss and gingival recession
62
Q

What is a crown

A
  • An artificial replacement that restores missing tooth structure by surrounding part or all of the remaining structure with a material such as cast metal alloy, metal-ceramics, ceramics, resin, or a combination of materials
63
Q

What are the steps before a crown

A
  • Periapical radiograph: apical pathology, root filling
  • Sensibility testing
  • Periodontal tissue assessment (needs to be healthy)
  • Core assessment
  • Occlusal assessment (why?)
  • Wax up (especially multiple teeth)
64
Q

What are types of crowns

A
  • Full gold
  • Full metal
  • Ceramo-metal crowns
  • Composite crown
  • All ceramic
65
Q

What are the principles of the tooth preparation?

A
  • Preservation of tooth structures
  • Resistance and retention
  • Structural durability
  • Marginal integrity
  • Preservation of the periodontium
66
Q

What is resistance

A
  • The ability to withstand compressive and oblique displacing forces
67
Q

What is retention in terms of crowns

A
  • The ability to withstand occlusally directed displacing forces.
  • Theoretically maximum retention is obtained from parallel walls
68
Q

What is the taper angle

A
  • 2-3 degree from each side
  • Convergence angle is 6 degree
69
Q

What are the types of finishing lines/ margins

A
  • Feather – edge and chisel finishing lines (difficult to locate, not sufficient bulk)
  • Chamfer
  • Shoulder finishing
70
Q

When erosion is suspected what should be asked

A
  • Diet
  • Gastric cause (acid reflux)
  • Underlying GI disease
  • Bulimia
71
Q

What are the adv/dis of full metal crown

A
  • Advantages: best resistance and retention, less tissue removed, kindest to opposing tooth
  • Disadvantages: aesthetics, allergy issues
72
Q

What are the adv/dis of all ceramic

A
  • Advantages: aesthetics, less tooth in some areas
  • Disadvantages: increased destruction in some areas, longevity, moderate strength
73
Q

What are the adv/dis of ceramo metal crowns

A
  • Advantages: aesthetics, longevity
  • Disadvantages: increased tooth structure in some areas
74
Q

What do you do with undercuts and why when doing impressions

A
  • Addition cured silicones and polyether’s are rigid once set
  • Check undercuts: buccal sulcus, periodontal bone loss, large interdental spaces, beneath bridge pontics
  • Block out these using soft wax (ribbon wax)
75
Q

What should we not use special trays with

A
  • Heavy body for crowns as it will get stick
76
Q

What can you tell me about addition cured silicones

A
  • No by products
  • Hydrophobic
  • Low viscosity: great surface detail
  • Provides accurate fine detail of tooth prep, dimensional stable
77
Q

What can you tell about polyethers

A
  • No by products and dimensionally stable
  • Takes up water so needs to be stored dry
  • One viscosity
  • Good elastic properties
  • Suited for implant prosthodontics
78
Q

What can you tell me about hydrocolloids

A
  • Poor tear resistance
  • Dimensionally unstable: if stored dry they shrink, stored in water they swell
  • Inferior impression detail to addition silicones
  • Uses: opposing model and study casts
79
Q

What happens if restoration is placed and changes occlusion

A
  • Fractured cusps or restorations
  • Increased tooth mobility
  • Muscle fatigue
  • Tooth wear
80
Q

When do you do a jaw reg

A
  • Last tooth in the arch
  • Multiple preps
  • Multiple anterior prep
  • Not need in bounded preparation
    futarD
81
Q

Materials for jaw registration

A
  • Beauty wax and temp bond
  • Polyvinylsiloxane bite reg past (normal one>)
82
Q

What are the favourable characteristics of an impression material?

A
  • Accurate
  • Good dimensional stability
  • High tear resistance
  • Good working time
  • Easy to handle
  • Low cost
  • Pleasant taste and smell
83
Q

What is the definition of a veneer

A
  • Layer of tooth coloured material attached to the surface of a tooth to re-establish the morphology and function of teeth
  • Porcelain laminate veneer: a thin bonded ceramic restoration that restores the facial surface and part of the proximal surfaces of teeth requiring aesthetic restoration
84
Q

What are the clinical indications of veneers

A
  • Restoring tooth morphology
  • Altering tooth morphology: shape, size, diastemas
  • Improving aesthetics: discolouration
  • Fractured anterior teeth
  • Malpositioned teeth
85
Q

What are the clinical contraindication of veneers

A
  • Lack of sound enamel for adhesion
  • Parafunctional habits
  • Lack of tooth tissue
  • Unstable tooth surface loss: bruxism, erosion
  • Unsuitable occlusal schemes
  • Poor prognosis of tooth/teeth: mobility
  • Bonding to large or extensive pre-existing composite
86
Q

What are the types of veneers and preparations

A
  • Direct and indirect
  • Window: most of the front
  • Feather: all the way to incisal edge
  • Bevel: incisal edge height reduced
  • Incisal overlap: some on the palatal
87
Q

What improves outcome of resin retained bridges

A
  • Distal cantilever bridge design
  • Maximise tooth tissue surface area covered
  • Modify teeth to maximise connector height
  • Fixed fixed design only across the midline
  • Occlusal coverage improves outcome
  • Sandblasting before cementation
88
Q

What is the aetiology of extrinsic discolouration

A
  • Stains that lies on/attach to the tooth surface or in the acquired pellicle
  • Incorporation of extrinsic stain within the tooth substance following dental development. It occurs in enamel defect and in the porous surface of exposed dentine
  • Plaque, chlorhexidine mouthwash, smoking, tea/coffee, antibiotics
89
Q

What is aetiology of intrinsic discolouration

A
  • Discolouration following a change to the structural composition or thickness of the dental hard tissues
  • Pre-eruptive disease: enamel hypoplasia, medication, disease
  • Post-eruptive: trauma, caries, tooth wear, dental restorative material
90
Q

What are the treatment options for staining

A
  • No treatment
  • Removal of surface stain: scale and polish, micro abrasion
  • Bleaching
  • Restorative treatment: veneers, crowns
91
Q

What are the bleaching techniques

A
  • Vital: home 10% carbamide peroxide, clinic: 30% photoinitiated
  • Non-vital bleaching: inside/outside method using 10% carbamide peroxide
  • Materials: hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide (more stable)
92
Q

Mode of action of bleaching

A
  • Thought to be ingress of oxidisers and oxygenating molecules through enamel micropores.
  • Break/ cleave pigment bonds and allow molecules to diffuse through the tooth
  • Or become smaller and absorb less light
93
Q

What are some fixed options for replacing missing teeth

A
  • None
  • RBB
  • Implant
  • Conventional bridge
94
Q

What is an RBB

A
  • Minimally invasive fixed prostheses which rely on composite resin cements for retention
  • Made possible after development of resin cements which bond to tooth and metal
  • Non invasive and good longevity
95
Q

What are the components of an RBB

A
  • Connector: metal element joins wing and pontic
  • Wing: non precious metal, nickel-chromium or cobalt chromium
  • Pontic: porcelain fused to metal sub structure
96
Q

What are the advantages of RBB

A
  • Minimally invasive
  • Less clinical time compared to implants
  • Less expensive
  • Failure less catastrophic
  • Aesthetic
  • Predictable
  • No LA
97
Q

Disadvantages of RBB

A
  • Aesthetics (abutment tooth appear grey, metal can be seen)
  • Debonding
  • Longevity
98
Q

What are the types of designs of RBB connectors

A
  • Cantilever: simple, load transmitted on one tooth
  • Fixed-fixed: rigid and load more equally distributed
  • Fixed-movable: one movable connector, differential movement
  • Hybrid: complex bridge, e.g conventional and rbb
99
Q

When is a fixed fixed design indicated

A
  • Differential movement can cause it to fail
  • Indicated where excursive movements on pontics cannot be avoided
  • Crossing the midline
100
Q

When is a hybrid design indicated

A
  • One tooth is prepared conventional
  • Other tooth is sound and rbb wing used to conserve structure
  • Not much in long term data
101
Q

Tell me about fibre reinforced composite rbb

A
  • Better aesthetics and adhesion
  • Usually fibre reinforced with glass, ultra-high molecular polyethylene or Kevlar fibres
102
Q

What to do before doing RBB

A
  • Contemporary PA
  • Gingival health good
  • Informed consent
  • Study casts and checked occlusion (lateral excursion)
  • Diagnostic wax up maybe
  • Shade matching
  • No prep required
  • Pontic shape
103
Q

What are the pontic shapes

A
  • Ovate is ideal
  • Modified ridge lap is also useful
104
Q

What factors affect the longevity of RBB

A
  • Design (cantilever, fixed fixed)
  • Surface coverage
  • Connector height
  • Preparation of abutment tooth
  • Metal surface treatment (sandblasting)
  • Occlusal considerations
  • Operator experience/ technique
105
Q

What is the longevity of RBB

A
  • 80.4% after 10 years
  • King et al (2015)
106
Q

What is the dahl concept

A
  • Relative axial tooth movement
  • Observed when local appliance/ restoration placed high
  • Occlusion re-establishes full arch contacts over period of time
  • Intrusion (40%) and extrusion (60%)
107
Q

When can you use the dahl concept

A
  • Increase interocclusal space
  • Increase OVD
  • Sever anterior tooth surface loss
  • 6-24months to take full effect difficult to predict (feel acceptable in 1-2 weeks)
108
Q

Why would you choose direct build up over indirect

A
  • Minimally invasive in wear case
  • Afford the clinician control over final aesthetic
  • Reduce cost and time (no lab)
  • Problems: staining, not as strong,
109
Q

What is the advantages of a conventional fixed bridge

A
  • 15-20 year life span
  • Predictable and aesthetic result
110
Q

What are the disadvantages of conventional fixed bridge

A
  • Can be very destructive
  • Failure can lead to fracture of abutment tooth
  • Need for rct in failure
111
Q

What are the pontic design

A
  • Ideal: passive, smooth fit, adequate embrasure space to allow clean
  • Wash through
  • Modified ridge lap
  • Ovate pontic
  • Rindge lap pontic
  • Dome pontic
112
Q

What are some factors of the pontic in cantilever bridge

A
  • Same size or smaller than abutment
  • Avoid heavy contact, should only exhibit intercuspal contact
  • Posterior where occlusal load is high two abutments may be indicated
113
Q

What is fixed movable conventional bridge

A
  • Replacement of one or two teeth in the posterior region
  • Design utilises a ‘stress-breaking’ effect
  • Reducing demands on the minor retainer
114
Q

Describe some planning factors of crowns for RPD

A
  • Rests
  • Guide planes
  • Undercuts
  • Milled ledge
  • Metal where these are is more favourable
115
Q

What is bruxism

A
  • The parafunctional grinding of teeth.
  • Oral habit consisting of involuntary rhythmic or spasmodic non functional grinding or clenching of teeth
116
Q

What is TMJD

A
  • A collective term for muscle disorders of the masticatory system with two observable major symptoms
  • Pain and dysfunction
  • Common observations: muscle fatigue, muscle tightness, myalgia, spasm, headaches, decreased range of motion
117
Q

What is an occlusal splint

A
  • Rigid or flexible device that maintains in position a displaced or movable part
  • Also used to keep in place and protect an injured part
  • Also used to protect , immobilize or restrict motion in a part
118
Q

What are the types of splints

A
  • Soft splint
  • Hard splint
  • Full coverage
  • Michigan: cover the teeth
  • Anterior repositioning splint
  • Partial coverage
119
Q

What are advantages and disadvantages of soft splints

A
  • Advantages: good for emergency where opening is restricted so accuracy is compromised, cheap to make
  • Disadvantages: spongy feel so bruxism chew more and increase pain, short term use, wear down soon
120
Q

What is NTI-TSS splint

A
  • Nociceptive trigeminal inhibition tension suppression system
  • Anterior bite stop
  • Helps bruxism, TMD, tension type headaches, migraines
121
Q

What are hard acrylic splints

A
  • Full or partial coverage
  • Partial coverage allows over eruption so may be avoided
122
Q

What are the role of splints

A
  • Treat TMJD
  • Prevent tooth wear
  • Check patient can wear RPD, overdentures
  • Test increase in OVD: less worried in dentate patient as they can tolerate 5mm, tries to make RCP=ICP
  • To check patient in RCP: increases OVD and makes it difficult for muscles to tense and RCP can be done
123
Q

What are some of the effects of tooth wear

A
  • Loss of coronal tooth structure
  • Aesthetics
  • Altered horizontal jaw relationship
  • Reduced masticatory efficiency
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Pulpal necrosis
  • Soft tissue trauma
  • Reduced OVD
124
Q

For TMD what are the 3 main signs

A
  • Pain in joint or muscle
  • Joint sounds
  • Limitation of movement
125
Q

What is the definition of TMD

A
  • Is a set of diseases and disorders that are related to alterations in the structure, function or physiology of the masticatory system
  • May be associated with other systemic and comorbid medical conditions
  • 33% with one sign of TMD
126
Q

What is the management of patients with myogenous TMD

A
  • Reassurance
  • Splints
  • Electronic devices
  • Physiotherapy
  • Medication
127
Q

What to consider in restoring a RCT tooth

A
  • Ferrule or not
  • Level of fracture
  • Length of root and periodontal support
  • Quality of RCT
  • Crown to root ratio
128
Q

Molars requiring RCT but display furcation involvement

A
  • Double the risk of molar loss after 10-15years
  • Still respond well to periodontal treatment

BDS5 (10 decks)

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