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Orthodontics (IODC) > Fixed appliances in orthodontics theory and components > Flashcards

Fixed appliances in orthodontics theory and components Flashcards

1
Q

Type of tooth movement

A 
Tipping
•Bodily movement
• Rotation
•Torque
•Vertical movements
-extrusion
-intrusion
(removable appliances can only tip)
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2
Q

Problems with fixed appliances

A
  • Enamel demineralisation/caries
  • Root resorption
  • Periodontal problems
  • Unwanted tooth movements
  • Pulp devitalisation
  • Soft tissue lacerations
  • Allergies
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3
Q

Periodontal problems

A

Gingivitis
Gingival hyperplasia
-due to plaque build up because it is harder to maintain oral hygiene

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4
Q

Fixed appliances

A 
• Good tooth alignment
-corrects rotations
-controlled tipping
-torque control
• Good space closure (bodily movement)
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5
Q

Fixed appliance components

A

Brackets
Molar tubes/ bands
Archwires
Auxiliaries

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6
Q

Brackets

A

Pre-adjusted edgewise brackets (stainless steel)

  • tie wings
  • slot
  • bracket slot size is 0.022”x 0.028”
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7
Q

Round archwire

A

Initial tooth alignment

0.014

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8
Q

Rectangular archwire

A

Full 3 control
0.019” x 0.025”
Space closure and final alignment
-better control over tooth movement

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9
Q

Bracket materials

A

Metal - stainless steel
(Plastic)
Ceramic
(Gold)

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10
Q

Bracket base

A

Foil-mesh
-increase surface area and retention
Etch tooth (self-etching primer) and use composite to bond it on
Light cure once bracket is on

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11
Q

Bracket placement

A

Middle of tooth

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12
Q

Aesthetic brackets

A

Plastic
Ceramic
Lingual (SS)

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13
Q

Plastic brackets - problems

A

Fracture
Distortion (creep)
Discolouration

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14
Q

Ceramic bracket - problems

A 
Fracture
-in use
-debonding
Abrasion of other teeth
Increased friction
Cost
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15
Q

Ceramics

A

Use in upper arch only

Can be used in lower arch if there is no overbite

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16
Q

Lingual appliances

A

Difficult technique
Cost
Traumatic to tongue

17
Q

Lower molar bands

A

Single tube for archwire

Hook for auxiliaries

18
Q

Upper molar bands

A

Additional tube for headgear (round) - do not use for A/W
Hook for auxiliaries
32 sizes for each tooth

19
Q

Separators

A 
A week before they have their bands fitted
1 week
More comfortable for px
Easier for operator
More accurate band selection
-can be painful for teenagers
20
Q

Molar tubes - direct bond

A

Difficult isolation from moisture - more likely to debond
Problem with wire if debonds
Can’t use with headgear

21
Q

Archwires - function

A 
Active archwires - move teeth with wire
-light forces
-flexible
Passive archwires - move teeth along wire
-rigid
22
Q

Active archwires

A

Nickel-titanium (for alignment)

  • super-elastic
  • heat-activated
23
Q

Passive archwires

A 
Stainless steel (for bodily movement of teeth)
-need to use something else e.g. auxiliary to move teeth
24
Q

Stainless steel - elastic properties

A

Hooke’s law

Very little elastic deformation

25
Q

Nickel titanium elastic properties

A

Superelastic properties

26
Q

Archwires - cross-section

A

Round 0.01”x0.02

Rectangular wire 0.019”x0.025”

27
Q

Attaching archwire

A 
Elastic modules
Wire ligatures (quick ties)
Self ligating brackets
-less friction on bracket (now been disproven)
-trap door
28
Q

Auxiliaries

A

Elastics

Springs

29
Q

Elastics

A 
Elastic bands
Powerchain
Zing string (powerthread)
E-links
Traction ligatures
30
Q

Traction ligature

A

Module on a SS ligature

31
Q

Elastics

A

Worn between top and bottom teeth

Named by malocclusion we are trying to correct

32
Q

Power chain

A

Elastic chain in between the teeth
Put quick ties on first, powerchain on top
Occasionally used across spaces

33
Q

Zing string

A

Elastic thread

Trying to pull a tooth more gently

34
Q

E-links

A

TP orthodontics
Not used as much
Close space, like powerchain but long elastic above tooth

35
Q

Springs

A 
Push coil/ coil spring
-stainless steel
-nickel-titanium
Closing coil/ retraction springs
-nickel-titanium
36
Q

Fixed appliances kit

A

Weingarts for gripping archwires
Tucker for tucking ends of quickties
Adams pliers for making bends in archwires or adjusting clasps on removable appliances
Light wire pliers/ cutters for cutting lights wires/ elastic
Crown shears for cutting ends of quickties
Distal end cutters for cutting end of archwires

37
Q

Invisalign

A

Increasingly popular
Not on NHS
Can’t move teeth as much
Around 4.5k

38
Q

What are the ways to manage anchorage with fixed appliances?

A 
Only move one tooth per side
Headgear
Class II elastics
Transpalatal arches
Extend base plate of upper removable appliances
Use large anchor unit
Light forces
Extraction of teeth

Orthodontics (IODC) (17 decks)

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