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Histopath > Fixation & Fixatives > Flashcards

Fixation & Fixatives Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical constituent of the fixative is taken in and becomes part of the tissue by forming cross-links or molecular complexes and giving stability to the protein

A

ADDITIVE FIXATION

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2
Q

Fixing agent is not incorporated into the tissue but alters the tissue to H bonds of
certain groups within the protein molecule

A

NON-ADDITIVE FIXATION

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3
Q

pH for satisfactory fixation

A

Between pH 6 and 8

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4
Q

Electron microscopy workouts and histochemistry examination ideal temperature is

A

0-4°C

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5
Q

Formalin heated to ___ is sometimes used for rapid fixation of very urgent biopsy
specimens

A

60°C

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6
Q

Formalin at 100°C can be used
to fix tissues with

A

tuberculosis

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7
Q

The best results are usually obtained using

A

slightly hypertonic solutions

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8
Q

PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF FIXATION

A

-Speed
-Penetration
-Volume
-Duration of fixation

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9
Q

They act as mordants or accentuators to promote
and hasten staining, or they may inhibit certain dyes
in favor of another

A

Fixatives

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10
Q

Lead Fixatives

A
  • Picric acid
    -Acetic acid
    -Acetone
    -Osmium tretoxide
    -Alcohol
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11
Q

permit the microscopic
study of tissue structures without altering the
structural pattern and normal intercellular
relationship of tissues

A

Microanatomical Fixatives -

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12
Q
  • preserve specific parts and
    particularly microscopic elements of the cell itself
A

Cytological Fixatives

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13
Q

preserve nuclear structures
(e.g. chromosomes) in particular

A

Nuclear Fixatives

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14
Q

Usually contain glacial acetic acid as their primary component due to its affinity for nuclear chromatic

A

Nuclear Fixatives

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15
Q

must never contain glacial acetic acid since it destroys the mitochondria and golgi bodies; pH of more than 4.6

A

Cytoplasmic Fixatives

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16
Q

preserve chemical
constituents of cells and tissues

A

Histochemical Fixatives

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17
Q

Phospholipids which contain amino groups are fixed
by

A

aldehydes

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18
Q

should be used for
demonstrating lipid in tissues by a general lipid stain

A

Cryostat or frozen sections

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19
Q

Improved ultrastructural demonstration of lipids has
been achieved by post-fixing in

A

imidazole osmium
tetroxide

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20
Q

Cholesterol may be fixed with ___ for ultrastructural demonstration.

A

digitonin

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21
Q

can enhance better retention of
glycogen

A

Celloidin coating

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22
Q

Two aldehyde fixative mixture have been particularly
useful for electron cytochemistry

A

Karnovsky
paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde

23
Q

Penetrate tissue rapidly, preserves
morphology and enzyme activity at low
concentrations
- Useful for immersion fixation of surgical
biopsies

A

Acrolein

24
Q

simple microanatomical fixative made up of saturated formaldehyde (40% by weight volume) diluted to 10% with sodium chloride

A

10% FORMOL SALINE

25
Q

fixation of central nervous
tissues and post-mortem tissues for histochemical
examination

A

10% FORMOL SALINE

26
Q

Fixation time for 10% Formol Saline

A

24 hours at 35 °C OR 48 hours at 20-25 °C

27
Q

recommended for preservation and storage of surgical, post-mortem and research specimens

A

10% NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALIN OR PHOSPHATE
BUFFERED FORMALIN

28
Q

Fixation time for 10% NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALIN OR PHOSPHATE
BUFFERED FORMALIN

A

4-24 hours

29
Q

prevents precipitation of acid formalin pigments; best tissue fixative for tissues containing iron pigments and for elastic fibers that does not stain
well after Susa, Zenker or Chromate fixation

A

10% NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALIN OR PHOSPHATE
BUFFERED FORMALIN

30
Q

Reactivity of myelin to Weigert’s iron hematoxylin stain is reduced; Inert towards lipids, especially neutral fats and
phospholipids

A

10% NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALIN OR PHOSPHATE
BUFFERED FORMALIN

31
Q

recommended for routine post-mortem tissues

A

FORMAL-CORROSIVE

32
Q

Forms mercuric chloride deposits; does not allow frozen tissue sections to be made

A

FORMAL-CORROSIVE

33
Q

95% Ethyl alcohol saturated with picric acid
➢ Strong formaldehyde solution

A

Alcoholic Formalin (Gendre’s) FIxative

34
Q

Good for preservation of glycogen and for micro-incineration technique; Used to fix sputum since it coagulates mucus

A

Alcoholic Formalin (Gendre’s) FIxative

35
Q

Produces gross hardening of tissues; Causes partial lysis of RBC; Preservation of iron containing pigments is poor

A

Alcoholic Formalin (Gendre’s) FIxative

36
Q

made up of two formaldehyde residues linked by
three carbon chains

A

Glutaraldehyde

37
Q

MOST COMMON METALLIC FIXATIVE

A

MERCURIC CHLORIDE

38
Q

ROUTINE FIXATIVE OF CHOICE for preservation of cell
detail in tissue photography

A

MERCURIC CHLORIDE

39
Q

widely used secondary fixative reacting with a
number of amino acid residues and accompanied by
spectroscopic changes, probably due to histidine
residues

A

MERCURIC CHLORIDE

40
Q

Recommended for fixing small pieces of liver, spleen,
connective tissue fibers and nuclei

A

ZENKER’S FLUID

41
Q

Recommended for trichrome staining
■ Permits brilliant staining of nuclear and connective
tissue fibers -Compatible with most stains
■ Act as a mordant

A

ZENKER’S FLUID

42
Q

Excellent microanatomic fixative for pituitary gland,
bone marrow and blood containing organs such as
spleen and liver

A

ZENKER-FORMOL (HELLY’S SOLUTION)

43
Q

Main fixative for tumor biopsies especially the skin.
Excellent cytologic fixative

A

Heidenhain’s Susa

44
Q

Used for bone marrow biopsies

A

B-5 Fixatives

45
Q

Recommended for demonstration of chromatin,
mitochondria, mitotic figures, Golgi bodies, RBC and
colloid containing tissues

A

REGAUD’S (MULLER) FLUID

46
Q

Deteriorates and darkens on standing (must always
be freshly prepared)

A

REGAUD’S (MULLER) FLUID

47
Q

Fixation TIme for Orth’s Fluid

A

36-72 hours

48
Q

Recommended for early degenerative process and
tissue necrosis; Demonstrates rickettsiae and other bacteria

A

Orth’s Fluid

49
Q

Normally used in strong saturated aqueous solutions
➢ This fixative also dyes tissues producing yellow color.

A

Picric acid

50
Q

recommended for fixation of embryos and pituitary
biopsies

A

Bouin’s solution

51
Q

better and less messy than Bouin’s; excellent fixative for glycogen

A

BRASIL’S ALCOHOLIC PICROFORMOL FIXATIVE

52
Q

Normally used in conjunction with other fixatives to
form a compound solution
➢ Solidifies at 17 °C

A

GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

53
Q
A

Histopath (3 decks)

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