Five Major Worldviews Today

Question 1

Biblical Theism - Metaphysics

Answer 1

Both supernatural and natural are real. God created and sustains the visible and invisible universe

Question 2

Biblical Theism - Theology

Answer 2

Trinitarian Theism: God is three-in-one. God is the Creator and sustainer of the Universe. He is Personal, infinite, omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, and all good

Question 3

Biblical Theism - Epistemology

Answer 3

Knowledge originates from and is revealed by God alone. It is perceived by reason, the senses, and experience. God has given us particular knowledge in the form of the Bible.

Question 4

Biblical Theism - Anthropology

Answer 4

God created humanity in His image to glorify Him. But through Adam’s fall all humanity carries a sinful nature, binding us to ongoing disobedience until God sets us free in Jesus Christ.

Question 5

Biblical Theism - Ethics

Answer 5

Ethics determined by God’s absolute character. Whatever reflects His character and pleases Him is good.

Question 6

Naturalism - Metaphysics

Answer 6

There is only the material world. It began by chance and operates like a machine

Question 7

Naturalism - Theology

Answer 7

Atheistic, agnostic, or anti-theistic. The supernatural does not exist, we cannot know if it exists, or the belief in the supernatural is harmful to society

Question 8

Naturalism - Epistemology

Answer 8

Knowledge comes through the reason and senses, emotions, or personal experience, without divine influence or help.

Question 9

Naturalism - Anthropology

Answer 9

Humans are a collection of matter and energy, arrived at by evolutionary processes, no different than the rest of the Universe. We are driven by survival.

Question 10

Naturalism - Ethics

Answer 10

Ethics determined by utilitarianism, hedonism, relativism, existentialism, nihilism, situational ethics, or Darwinian Principles (survival of the fittest)

Question 11

Islam - Metaphysics

Answer 11

Both supernatural and natural are real. Allah created the physical universe.

Question 12

Islam - Theology

Answer 12

Unitarian Theism: God is one. God (Allah) is the creator of the Universe and the supreme Judge of all things.

Question 13

Islam - Epistemology

Answer 13

Knowledge originates from and is revealed by God. While for the Muslim reason is important, the Qur’an is the ultimate, unadulterated source of all truth.

Question 14

Islam - Anthropology

Answer 14

Humans are made as slaves of God. Man is not born in sin but influenced by his environment and has a free-will response of disobedience or obedience to the five pillars of Allah

Question 15

Islam - Ethics

Answer 15

Ethics determined by the law established by Allah in the Qur’an and Hadith.

Question 16

Cosmic Humanism - Metaphysics

Answer 16

Non-naturalism: no difference between the natural and the supernatural. All is energy or spirit

Question 17

Cosmic Humanism - Theology

Answer 17

Pantheism. All is god and god is all. Humanities goal is to become one with universal energy or spirit

Question 18

Cosmic Humanism - Epistemology

Answer 18

Knowledge is spiritual and is obtained by turning to the god-force within or in a transcendant dimension. There is no objective truth but only feeling

Question 19

Cosmic Humanism - Anthropology

Answer 19

Humans are a conscious spirit/energy force, able to access and channel energy or spirit. Humanity is driven by a desire to achieve higher consciousness in the New Age or Nirvana.

Question 20

Cosmic Humanism - Ethics

Answer 20

Ethics are relative to the individual based upon feeling. Any harmful behavior will revisit one in this life or the next due to “karma”

Question 21

Postmodernism - Metaphysics

Answer 21

The universe is undiscoverable, whether by science, reason, or religion. It is meaningless.

Question 22

Postmodernism - Theology

Answer 22

God’s existence is irrelevant and unknowable. Definite belief in God is oppressive.

Question 23

Postmodernism - Epistemology

Answer 23

Objective knowledge can’t be obtained, only biased perceptions. All truth claims are suspect.

Question 24

Postmodernism - Anthropology

Answer 24

The notion of “humanity” is a social construct intended to control, manipulate and oppress people. We are driven by a desire for power.

Question 25

Postmodernism - Ethics

Answer 25

Ethics are fabricated by one’s social group and context. Ethical frameworks are relative and used to oppress and manipulate.