Fitzgerald Review FNP COPY Flashcards
Assessment of optic disc - what cranial nerve?
CN II
Symptoms of low CO
Dyspnea w/ exertion
Chest pain
ORTHOPNEA
Syncope or near syncope
What murmur: Holosystolic, blowing quality, Grade II-III/VI w/ predictable pattern of radiation (axilla)
Mitral regurgitation
Blood regurgitates back to left atrium = Low CO
What is holosystolic murmur
Murmur is heard ALL of systole at same intensity
Describe incompetent valve
valve cannot CLOSE properly
Pattern of radiation - aortic regurgitation
Radiation to neck/carotid
Most common target organ damage in HTN
LVH, MR is common in LVH
Asthma flare - assess what first?
FEV1
Oxygen Sat drops LATE in an asthma flare
Asthma is a disease of AIR TRAPPING, difficulty getting air OUT
Oxygen Sat drops when difficult to get air in, which is LATE in asthma flare
At 90% O2 sat, 60 PaO2
Describe asthma pathophysiology
Disease of AIR TRAPPING
Disease of airway inflammation w/ superimposed bronchospasm
Inflammation begets bronchospasm
Where to auscultate renal arterires
MCL at level of elbow
Bruit what is occuring
Turbulent blood flow through at atherosclerotic vessel
Grade 1 and 2 hypertensive retinopathy
Visual changes
Findings
Common in poorly-controlled HTN No visual changes w/ low-grade findings
Renal bruit
Bruit occassionally noted with renal artery stenosis
Cause of secondary HTN
Usually w/ markedly elevated BP at presentation
Evidence Hierarchy
Systematic review (meta-analysis)
RCT
Cohort Study
Case-control
Case series
Case report
Editorial
Expert opinion
Primary prevention
Prevent health problem, most cost-effective
Immunizations
Counseling
Disease prevention
Secondary prevention
Detecting disease early, asymptomatic/pre-clinical
BP checks, mammography, colonoscopy
Tertiary prevention
Minimize negative disease-induced outcomes
Avoid target organ damage
Burn prevention - hot water
Set to no hotter than 120F
At 130F 3rd degree burn at 30 seconds exposure
At 140F 3rd degree burn at 6 seconds exposure
Diphtheria
Pseudomembrane
Upper airway obstruction (cause of death)
Stridor (sound of upper airway obstruction)

Herd immunity
95% need to be immunized for herd immunity
Measles - droplet - very contagious
Immunization principles
Remove artificial barriers - need only focused history prior to receiving vaccines
Re-immunize when in doubt; risk is minimal
Only defer in the presence of moderate to severe illness (with or without fever)
Which immunizations cannot be given?
Neomycin Allergy
IPV
MMR
Varicella
Which immunizations cannot be given?
Streptomycin, Polymyxin B allergy
IPV
Vaccinia (smallpox)
Which immunizations cannot be given?
Bakers Yeast Allergy
Hepatitis B
