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Bio Exam 3 > Fishes > Flashcards

Fishes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the first 4 features of fishes?

A
  1. Vertebral column (in most)
  2. Jaws and paired appendages (in most)
  3. Internal gills
  4. Single loop blood circulation
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2
Q

Feature number 5 of fish, what are the Nutritional deficiencies?

A

as in all vertebrates, fish are unable to synthesize certain amino acids, and must acquire them from food.

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3
Q

What major evolutionary features separate echinoderms and chordates from other animal phyla?

A

Development Pattern

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4
Q

How did jaws form?

A

pharyngeal gill slits graduated from filter feeding apparatus to gas exchange (gills)

-jaws arose through modifications to gill arches

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5
Q

What did the increase in aerobic capacity from the gills allow for?

A

increased size and activity

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6
Q

What did the forming of the jaw allow for?

A

predatory lifestyles necessitated advanced sensory systems & motor control

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7
Q

In the phylogeny of Fishes what are the 5 classes?

A
  1. Myxini
  2. Cephalaspidomorphi
  3. Chondrichthyes
  4. Actinoptterygii
  5. Sarcopterygii
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8
Q

What are the characteristics of an Agnathan?

A
  • cartilaginous skeleton

- no jaws, paired fins, or scales

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of a Hagfish (class Myxini)?

A
  • cranium, but no vertebrae

- notochord persists for support

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10
Q

Characteristics of a Lampreys (Class Cephalospidomophi)?

A
  • cranium, plus rudimentary vertebrae in places around notochord
  • pore-like gill slits
  • parasitic and non parasitic forms.
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11
Q

Characteristics about cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras)? –Class Chondrichthyes

A
  • cartilaginous skeleton strengthened by granules of calcium carbonate
  • 5-7 pairs of gills
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12
Q

What do cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) us for buoyancy? –Class Chondrichthyes

A

oil-filled liver and the body shape is also important

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13
Q

What kind of tail do cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) have? –Class Chondrichthyes Why is this unique?

A

heterocercal tail

most fish have a homocercal tail

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14
Q

Where did cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) get their teeth from? –Class Chondrichthyes

And what are they like?

A

teeth derived form scales

loosely positioned; easily lost
replaced on a “conveyer belt”

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15
Q

cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) are active …? –Class Chondrichthyes

A

predators

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16
Q

cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) eyes are protected by? –Class Chondrichthyes

A

nictitating membrane

17
Q

cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) have the ability to detect… using..? –Class Chondrichthyes

A

bioelectric fields, ampullae of Lorenzini

18
Q

cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) lateral line is sensitive to ______ in ______? –Class Chondrichthyes

A

vibrations, H2O

19
Q

Sharks must swim constantly, otherwise they will sink and drown? True or False

A

False

20
Q

(bony fish) a bony skeleton produced via ________(cartilage replaced by bone).

A

Ossification

21
Q

The replacement of bone with cartilage was a major leap for …?

A

bony fishes and their tetrapod descendants

22
Q

What are characteristics of bone?

A
  • bone is heavier but stronger than cartilage
  • sores phosphate
  • ‘preadaptation’ for life on land
23
Q

What is the covering that covers the gills?

A

operculum

24
Q

What does the gills rakers do?

A

protects gill filaments and filter food particles.

25
Q

Most fish have a _________ _________ for buoyancy?

A

swim bladder

26
Q

How is the buoyancy controlled?

A

by the exchange of gases between swim balder and blood

lateral line

27
Q

What are the two ray-finned fishes? (Class Actinoptterygii)

A

Chondrosteans and Neoterygians

28
Q

Chondrosteans include? What unique to them?

A

sturgeon, paddlefish and (40 species)

-cartilaginous with some ossification

29
Q

Neopterygians includes? How many are teleosts?

A

gars and bowfins (8 species)

most are teleosts (27,500 species)

30
Q

How did fin rays emerge? (Class Sarcopterygii)- Lobe-finned fishes

A

From freshly muscular loges supported by core of bones

31
Q

When did the Lobe finned fishes evolve?

A

400 mya only 8 extant species; 6 lungfish, and 2 coelacanth species

32
Q

fact about lungfish

A

lungs but generallly cannot survive for long outside of water (except: african lung fish)

Bio Exam 3 (5 decks)

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