Fish respiration Flashcards
How does the lamprey breathe?
Tidal ventilation (branchial muscles expand and contract both drawing in and expelling h2o through the gills)
Squalus acanthias can switch between two types of respiration
Ram ventilation and active ventiliation
What is ram ventilation?
When you have no operculum so you must keep moving to respire
What is active ventiliation?
Opening and closing mouth to breathe
Buccal pumping is used for what?
Active ventiliation in some sharks, skates, and rays.
Rajiforms are what kind of ventilators?
Active ventilators
Whats the evolutionsry theory of the 2 branchial arches in cyclostomatas?
The mandibular and hyoid arch became the gnathostomata jaw bones… Jaws may have evolved for respiration.
How do actinoptergyii mainly respirate?
Gill pumping! They pump h2o from their mouth, out of their gills.
How to sarcopterygii mainly respirate?
Coelcanthiformes have vestigial lungs so they use their gills to respirate while the lungfish were the first to develop 2 LOBED ALVEOLAR LUNGS!!
What species was the beginning of the double circulatory system?
Lungfish! Most fish had a unidirectional system
Most fish are poikilothermic meaning…
Their internal temp varies, often with the environment
Regional heterotherny refers to what
having different parts of the body at different temperatures
How does countercurrent heat exchange work?
Cold arterial blood entering the body from the gills encounter a net of warm venous blood exiting the tissue (heat is generated by swimming)
Most fishes are stenohaline meaning they can tolerate a narrow range if salinity but which one of our species is euryhaline?
Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey)
Which of the cyclostomata are isomolar?
Hagfish (myxine glutinosa), they are in osmotic equilibrium with sea water
Which of the cyclostomata are hypomolar?
Lampreys (they have lower salt concentrations than their surroundings)
Some of our actinopterygii are hypermolar.. which ones?
FRESHWATER teleosts! Including ameiurus nebulosus, perca flavescens, gastrosteus aculestus, salmon trutta
Some of our actinopterygii are hypomolar.. which ones?
MARINE teleosts, including exocoetus obtusirotris, hippocampus erectus, psuedopleuronectes americanus
Chondrichtyes and sarcopterygii are what type of osmoregulators?
hyperosmolar
What is viscous drag?
friction between the body and water
How do anguilla rostrata lessen viscous drag?
by producing a thin layer of mucous
What is inertial drag?
Pressure differences created by swimming
What soecies has high interial drag?
Thicked bodied fish like hippocampys erectus
How do chondrichthyans counteract the weight of their tissue against gravity?
Using their liver which is filled with oils that makes them neutrally buoyant and allows them to float in one place
How do bony fish counteract the weight of their tissue against gravity?
Using their swim bladder to change their buoyancy (it is a gas filled sac that lies below the spinal column that is nearly impermable to gas diffusion)
What is the pneumatic duct?
Angulla rostrata, alosa psuedoharengus, and salmo trutta (physostomes) have it that allow them gulp sir from the surface into the bladder and burp air out of it
The physoclistous fish lack what duct?
The pneumatic duct which is why they extract oxygen from the rete mirabile capillaries to the swim bladder
