Fish Adaptations

Question 1

Which class of fish are hypomolar?

Answer 1

Cephalaspidomorphi (petromyzon marinus) and some teleosti

Question 2

What class of fish are isomolar?

Answer 2

Hyperotreti (myxine glutionsa)

Question 3

What classes of fish are hypermolar?

Answer 3

Chondrichthyes & Sarcopterygi

Question 4

What 3 fishes in teleosti are hypomolar?

Answer 4

Exocoetus obtusirotris, hippocampus erectus, and psuedopleuronectes americanus

Question 5

What 3 fishes in teleosti are hypermolar?

Answer 5

Ameiurus nebulosus, Perfa flavescens, Gasterosteus aculeatus, salmon trutta

Question 6

Monophyly

Answer 6

a group that included a common ancestor and all of its descendants

Question 7

Paraphyly

Answer 7

A group that includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants minus a monophyletic

Question 8

Polyphyly

Answer 8

a group whode members have two or more distant separate origins

Question 9

What are the four distinctive characteristics that separate the chordates from all other phyla?

Answer 9

Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, musculae post anal tail, pharyngeal slits/clefts

Question 10

Urochordata

Answer 10

No vertebrate, sessile adults (non moving) but free swimming larva.. an example of this is the tunicate

Question 11

Cephalochordata

Answer 11

Amphioxus, no cranium, no vertebrate, filter feeder, not sessile! They have a caudal fin and tail. An example of this is the lancelet

Question 12

Which of the vertebrata dont have a vertebrate?

Answer 12

Hagfish

Question 13

Myxine Glutinosa

Answer 13

-Only animal with skull but no vertebrate
-Single caudal fin
-Photosensitive receptors/no eyes
-Single nasal opening

Question 14

Petromyzon marinus

Answer 14

• Small cartilaginous vertebral structures
• Anadromous: move to streams/rivers to breed
• Functional eyes
• One or two dorsal fins

Question 15

Main difference between hagfish and lamprey?

Answer 15

Lamprey tend to stick to coastal seas while hagfish are found in colder and deeper waters

Question 16

Characteristics of chondrichthyes

Answer 16

• Cartilaginous skeleton
• Heterocercal (extended) tail
• No operculum (must use ram ventiliation)
• Placoid scales that are directional and hydrodynamic to help reduce drag

Question 17

What are claspers?

Answer 17

Claspers are on the pelvic fins ans theyre used to siphon sperm to female cloaca during shark (squaliformes) mating

Question 18

What type of ventilation do sharks and dogfish use?

Answer 18

Ram ventilation because they dont have operculum to cover their gill slits.

Question 19

How do skates reproduce?

Answer 19

Eggs hatch outside of the body so this is oviparous

Question 20

How do rays reproduce?

Answer 20

Viviparous (live birth)

Question 21

Between little skates and rays, who has a rostrum and who doesn’t?

Answer 21

Little skates have a rostrum, rays do not.

Question 22

What are three major characteristics of osteichthyes?

Answer 22

1. swim bladder
2. operculum
3. eyes as primary sensory unit

Question 23

What two classes fall under Osteichthyes?

Answer 23

Sarcopterygii and actinopterygii

Question 24

What structure allows the lungfish to get O2 from air?

Answer 24

Swim bladder, and their thick fleshy fins allow movement on land… this is why they were central in the transition from fish to land animals.

Question 25

What scales does the lungfish have compared to the coelacanth?

Answer 25

Lungfish has cosmoid while coelcanth has ganoid.

Question 26

How do acipensar oxyrhyncus reproduce?

Answer 26

• Anadromous (born in freshwater, live most of their lived in sea)

Question 27

Characteristics of Chondrostei

Answer 27

• largely cartilaginous
• heterocercal tail
• ganoid scales

Question 28

Characteristics of Neoptertgyii

Answer 28

• Have stronger/lighter bones
• Ossified skeleton
• Homocercal tail

Question 29

Cycloid vs Ctenoid scales

Answer 29

Cycloid scales are circular and smooth but ctenoid are toothed and ragged scales.

Question 30

Some species that have cycloid scales are

Answer 30

salmo trutta and alosa pseudoharengus

Question 31

Some species that have ctenoid scales are

Answer 31

perca flavescens

Question 32

What species has both cycloid and ctenoid scales?

Answer 32

Psuedopleuronectes americanus

Question 33

What is a superior mouth and what species have it?

Answer 33

Upward pointing like an underbite, typically feeding near the surface
- Remora remora
- Fundulus heteroclitus

Question 34

What is a inferior mouth and what species have it?

Answer 34

Mouth situated lower than midoiint and typically feed on the ground
- catostomus commensori
- ameiurus nebulosus