Fish General

Question 1

What happens at the First Salmon Ceremony? When?

Answer 1

• First salmon run of the year (May 2011 video)
• The first salmon of the year is escorted into the ceremony
• The first salmon is shared with everyone who attends
• The carcass of the sacred first salmon is returned to the water (including all bones from the consumption)
• The first nations believe that if they uphold respect and honour to the sacred salmon and keep the water clean and healthy, the salmon will always return.

Question 2

Fisheries Waste (2018), what are the numbers?

Answer 2

Global fishing fleet spends 50 billion more than it makes every year

• Production 179 million tons
• 159 million reaches plate
• 20 million waste

Question 3

Who are the major fish eaters (consumption per capita) in the world?

Answer 3

1st Maldives
2nd Iceland
3rd Hong Kong

Question 4

Who is top in Aquaculture production and capture of fish in the world?

Answer 4

China Capture: 17.8M, Aquaculture 63.7M (Total 81.5M)

Second Indonesia (Total 23.2M)

Question 5

What is the trend of world fish production over the last 40 years?

What is the net total amount Wild-capture has stabilized at?

Answer 5

Aquaculture increasing
Wild-capture stable or decreasing

90M tones - stable

Question 6

Who were the top capture producers in 2018?

Answer 6

• China
• Indonesia
• Peru

(India)
(Russia)
(USA)
(Vietnam

These countries amount for 50% of global capture production

Question 7

What are the top 2 most harvested wild-fishery groups?

Answer 7

• Pelagic Marine Fish

- Demersal Marine Fish

Question 8

What are some examples of major stock collapse in fisheries?

Answer 8

• Atlantic Salmon
• Pacific Sardine
• Haddock
• Atlantic Halibut
• Peruvian Anchovy

Question 9

What are some BC examples of modern salmon collapses in the Fraser River Watershed?

Answer 9

• Albion Chinook
• Albion Steelhead
• Fraser River Coho

Question 10

What are the impacts of overfishing on Sharks? (and often wasted meat from finning)

Answer 10

Shark populations are not able to recover from overfishing;
This is due to: 
-Slow growth
-Low reproductive rate 
-Late sexual maturity

Question 11

Which shark population is doing the worst?

Answer 11

Hammerhead. Lost 89% of their historic population.

Question 12

What are some various causes of fish decline?

Answer 12

• Overfishing
• Increased efficiency in technology
• By-catch
• Overcapacity

Question 13

What fisheries tragedy occurred on the east coast of Canada in the 90s?

Answer 13

• The Canadian east coast Atlantic Cod fisheries collapse
• John Crosbie shut down cod fishing and caused the largest layoff in Canadian history
• 50,000 people lost their job

Question 14

What are the impacts bottom trawling has on the marine ecosystem?

Answer 14

• Trawling is a highly destructive method of fishing
• Destroy critical rearing habitat for juveniles and other food species (such as deep sea coral reefs).
• The damage from bottom trawling can take a very long time to regenerate

Question 15

Why does overfishing occur?

Answer 15

Overfishing occurs because all of the economic incentives are in place for it to occur (such as government subsidies).

Question 16

Compare and contrast small scale fisheries and large scale fisheries:

Number of people they directly employ?

People with fisheries related occupations?

Fishing household dependents?

Annual catch for food?

Answer 16

EMPLOY
Small: 50M
Large: 500,000

RELATED OCCUPATIONS
Small: 150M
Large: 1.0M

HOUSEHOLD DEPENDANTS
Small: 250M
Large: 2.0M

ANNUAL CATCH
Small: 20-30M tons
Large: 15-40M tons

Question 17

What is “Shifting Baseline Syndrome”? Who coined the phrase and when?

Answer 17

Shifting Baseline Syndrome: with each new generation, the expectations of various ecological conditions shifts. The result, is that standards are lowered
almost imperceptibly”

-Coined by Daniel Pauly in 1995

Question 18

Define Common Property Resource (common pool)

When is it a problem?

Answer 18

• Resources owned by the entire populace without restrictions as to who can use them and how.
• Examples: water allocation/irrigation systems, communal pastures, forests, air.
• Problem when use gets high or resources shrink - overexploitation

Question 19

Tragedy of Commons

Answer 19

It’s a type of social trap, often economic, that involves a conflict over resources between individual interest and the common good

Question 20

What is fishing down the food web and who coined the phrase?

Answer 20

• Daniel Pauly: Top Fisheries scientist (and others)
• The serial harvest of progressively lower trophic levels (eliminating the species at the higher trophic level from overfishing and then having to start fishing at the subsequent trophic levels and so on).