Fish ex. species

Question 1

Acipenseridae - sturgeons: type sterlet

Answer 1

size up to 16kg
spawn on gravel
sexual maturation (M 3-5yr, F 5-8yr)
cold water
feed on benthis organisms and molluscs

Question 2

anatomy of starlet (acipenser ruthenium)

Answer 2

body elongated
- caudal fin forked
- 4 pairs of barbels on ventral part
- small mouth, no teeth
- operculum bone isn’t fully covered
- 5 rows of hard bony plates (scutes) - 2 lateral, 2 stomach and 1 head
- ganoid scale
- projecting snout

Question 3

anguilla anguilla (European eel)

Answer 3

benthis organisms
- can breathe through skin
- sexual maturation (M 5-8yr, F >12)
- 3-6 kg

Question 4

anatomy of European eel

Answer 4

• mouth on terminal position of the mouth
• big mouth with lots of sharp and small teeth
• carnivorous fish
• elongated body, dorsal, caudal and anal fins connected, pectoral fins, no pelvic fin
• scales deeply in the skin

Question 5

salmonidae - trout, salmon

Answer 5

• laters-laterally flattened
• adipose fin
• dentition of vomer
• stomach and short intestine
• number of pyloric caeca

Question 6

rainbow trout (oncorhynchus my kiss)

Answer 6

• only black dots on the surface
• size up to 20kg
• sexual maturation (spawns for the first time at 1 year)
• spawns: feb-may
• feeds on wide range of acquatic + terrestrial inverebrates

Question 7

brown trout

Answer 7

usually 0.5-1kg

Question 8

atlantic salmon

Answer 8

• after spending 1-4 winter at sea, migrates to its natal river
• spawns: winter period
• most males die after reproduction

Question 9

anatomy of carp

Answer 9

• pharyngeal teeth (5th pharyngeal arch_, have 4 “real” arches
• lack stomach - extended anterior intestine
• scaly/mirror/linear or leather carp
• 2 Paris of barbels
• up to 40kg
• feed on zooplankton and benthic organisms

Question 10

anatomy of Prussian carp

Answer 10

• mouth terminal
• no barbels
• peritoneum black
• omnivorous - plankton, benthic

Question 11

tench - tinca tinca

Answer 11

• 1 pair of barbels
• rounded fins
• feeds on zooplankton + benthic organisms
• green colour

Question 12

grass carp

Answer 12

• herbivorous
• eggs are pelagic
• feeds on macrophytes

Question 13

silver carp

Answer 13

• sharp pectoral region
• eggs float
• feeds on phytoplankton

Question 14

bighead carp

Answer 14

• no sharp pectoral region
• bigger head
• dark colouration
• feeds on zooplankton

Question 15

european catfish

Answer 15

• carnivorous species
• size up to 300kg
• 6 barbels (2+4)
• scaleless body, long anal fin

Question 16

brown bullheda

Answer 16

• size up to a few kg
• omnivorous
• algae, plant material invertebrates, fish)
• 8 barbels
• scales present (deeply in skin)
• adipose fin

Question 17

ecocide - pike

Answer 17

• spawns in late winter or early spring
• cannibalism is common

Question 18

percidae - pikeperch

Answer 18

• 1-2 enlarged canine teeth in each jaw
• two dorsal fin

Question 19

sparidae - breams (porgy)

Answer 19

• laterally flattened body
• one long dorsal fin - 1st part with spines 2nd part with soft rays
• pelvic fins below pectoral fin bases
• teeth In front conical (canine like) or flat (incisor like), back teeth rounded, molar- like
• scales usually cycloid

Question 20

gillhead sea bream

Answer 20

• market size: 300-400g, 12-16 months
• up to 60cm and 10kg
• feeds on shellfish, other benthic organism
• protandrous hermaphrodite - males up to 2years of 20-30cm, changes to female 2-3 yrs of age (33-40c,(

Question 21

anatomy of gill head sea bream

Answer 21

• golden frontal band between eyes
• deep, laterally flattened body with big head
• colour silvery grey, large black botch at origin of lateral line
• 4-6 canine like teeth anteriorly in each jaw
• blunter molar teeth, posteriorly arranged in 2-4 rows

Question 22

anatomy of red porgy

Answer 22

• laterally flattened body
• reddish colour becoming silvery-white ventrally
• numerous tiny blue spots arranged in rows
• fins with bluish coloured tips
• large head, mouth terminal, front teeth canine 2/3 series of rounded molar teeth posteriorly

Question 23

common dentex (dentex dentex)

Answer 23

• predatory - preys on fish and cephalopods
• hard bottoms, usually <50m deep
• body elongated
• laterally flattened
• head large with strong jaws
• multiple canine teeth

Question 24

meagre

Answer 24

• demersal, at depth 30-80
• prey on fish and crustaceans
• grey-silvery colour
• elongated and compressed body
• long dorsal fin with deep notch
• small teeth
• viliform

Question 25

sea bass

Answer 25

- elongated body - colour silver grey - two separated dorsal fins - two separated dorsal fins - black spot on the edge of operculum, small ctenoid scales - 2 flat spines on operculum; preoperculum - mouth large, teeth villiform

Question 26

turbot

Answer 26

- benthic, preys on fish and cephalopods - asymmetric, diamond shaped body (eyes on left side) - grey/brown with dark spots, no scales - right side (blind) whitish in colour

Question 27

common sole

Answer 27

- benthic, preys on fish, crustaceans, benthic - better adapted to culture in warmer areas - oval- sharpened body - eyes on right side - right side greyish brown to reddish brown blind side white

Question 28

mullet

Answer 28

- feeds on zooplankton, dead plant matter, detritus - cylindrical body - silver grey colour - 2 dorsal fins - lateral line not visible (but not absent) - large cycloid scales, scales present also on the head

Question 29

flathead grey

Answer 29

- feeds on zooplankton, dead plant matter, detritus - capture of wild fry, stocked in earthen ponds or lagoons in fresh or saltawater - marketable size: 600-1200g

Question 30

bluefin tuna

Answer 30

- pelagic, highly migratory species - feeds in Atlantic (trophic migration) - fast swimming, up to 4m and 700kg (wild) - top predatory - feeds on fish, crustaceans and cephalopods - torpedo shaped

Question 31

European flat oyster

Answer 31

- protandric hermaphrodite, changing sex twice In a season - feeds on plankton - prefers water rich in organic nutrients - asymmetric, oval/pear shaped valves with a rough, scaly surface

Question 32

pacific cupper oyster

Answer 32

- protrandric hermaphrodite - valves asymmetrical, extremely rough, laminated - left (lower) valve deeply cupped, attached to substrate

Question 33

mediterranean mussel

Answer 33

- average size 6cm - separate sexes, spawns in spring - feeds on phytoplankton + detrius - inhabits coastal waters - valves mirror-symmetric, colour black/purple-blue-brown

Question 34

anatomy of shellfish

Answer 34

- pointy part = umbo - shell is composed of a mixture of proteins and CaCO3 and is produced by mantle - byssus is a product of byssal gland, situated near the base of the foot - heart has 2 atria and 1 ventricle - haemolymph contains haemocytes - uses byssal threads to attach to the rooks - bigger (posterior) part, mantle isn't attached - posterior adductor muscle is the strongest muscle