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fish > Fish ex. species > Flashcards

Fish ex. species Flashcards

1
Q

Acipenseridae - sturgeons: type sterlet

A

size up to 16kg
spawn on gravel
sexual maturation (M 3-5yr, F 5-8yr)
cold water
feed on benthis organisms and molluscs

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2
Q

anatomy of starlet (acipenser ruthenium)

A

body elongated
- caudal fin forked
- 4 pairs of barbels on ventral part
- small mouth, no teeth
- operculum bone isn’t fully covered
- 5 rows of hard bony plates (scutes) - 2 lateral, 2 stomach and 1 head
- ganoid scale
- projecting snout

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3
Q

anguilla anguilla (European eel)

A

benthis organisms
- can breathe through skin
- sexual maturation (M 5-8yr, F >12)
- 3-6 kg

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4
Q

anatomy of European eel

A
  • mouth on terminal position of the mouth
  • big mouth with lots of sharp and small teeth
  • carnivorous fish
  • elongated body, dorsal, caudal and anal fins connected, pectoral fins, no pelvic fin
  • scales deeply in the skin
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5
Q

salmonidae - trout, salmon

A
  • laters-laterally flattened
  • adipose fin
  • dentition of vomer
  • stomach and short intestine
  • number of pyloric caeca
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6
Q

rainbow trout (oncorhynchus my kiss)

A
  • only black dots on the surface
  • size up to 20kg
  • sexual maturation (spawns for the first time at 1 year)
  • spawns: feb-may
  • feeds on wide range of acquatic + terrestrial inverebrates
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7
Q

brown trout

A

usually 0.5-1kg

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8
Q

atlantic salmon

A
  • after spending 1-4 winter at sea, migrates to its natal river
  • spawns: winter period
  • most males die after reproduction
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9
Q

anatomy of carp

A
  • pharyngeal teeth (5th pharyngeal arch_, have 4 “real” arches
  • lack stomach - extended anterior intestine
  • scaly/mirror/linear or leather carp
  • 2 Paris of barbels
  • up to 40kg
  • feed on zooplankton and benthic organisms
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10
Q

anatomy of Prussian carp

A
  • mouth terminal
  • no barbels
  • peritoneum black
  • omnivorous - plankton, benthic
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11
Q

tench - tinca tinca

A
  • 1 pair of barbels
  • rounded fins
  • feeds on zooplankton + benthic organisms
  • green colour
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12
Q

grass carp

A
  • herbivorous
  • eggs are pelagic
  • feeds on macrophytes
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13
Q

silver carp

A
  • sharp pectoral region
  • eggs float
  • feeds on phytoplankton
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14
Q

bighead carp

A
  • no sharp pectoral region
  • bigger head
  • dark colouration
  • feeds on zooplankton
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15
Q

european catfish

A
  • carnivorous species
  • size up to 300kg
  • 6 barbels (2+4)
  • scaleless body, long anal fin
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16
Q

brown bullheda

A
  • size up to a few kg
  • omnivorous
  • algae, plant material invertebrates, fish)
  • 8 barbels
  • scales present (deeply in skin)
  • adipose fin
17
Q

ecocide - pike

A
  • spawns in late winter or early spring
  • cannibalism is common
18
Q

percidae - pikeperch

A
  • 1-2 enlarged canine teeth in each jaw
  • two dorsal fin
19
Q

sparidae - breams (porgy)

A
  • laterally flattened body
  • one long dorsal fin - 1st part with spines 2nd part with soft rays
  • pelvic fins below pectoral fin bases
  • teeth In front conical (canine like) or flat (incisor like), back teeth rounded, molar- like
  • scales usually cycloid
20
Q

gillhead sea bream

A
  • market size: 300-400g, 12-16 months
  • up to 60cm and 10kg
  • feeds on shellfish, other benthic organism
  • protandrous hermaphrodite - males up to 2years of 20-30cm, changes to female 2-3 yrs of age (33-40c,(
21
Q

anatomy of gill head sea bream

A
  • golden frontal band between eyes
  • deep, laterally flattened body with big head
  • colour silvery grey, large black botch at origin of lateral line
  • 4-6 canine like teeth anteriorly in each jaw
  • blunter molar teeth, posteriorly arranged in 2-4 rows
22
Q

anatomy of red porgy

A
  • laterally flattened body
  • reddish colour becoming silvery-white ventrally
  • numerous tiny blue spots arranged in rows
  • fins with bluish coloured tips
  • large head, mouth terminal, front teeth canine 2/3 series of rounded molar teeth posteriorly
23
Q

common dentex (dentex dentex)

A
  • predatory - preys on fish and cephalopods
  • hard bottoms, usually <50m deep
  • body elongated
  • laterally flattened
  • head large with strong jaws
  • multiple canine teeth
24
Q

meagre

A
  • demersal, at depth 30-80
  • prey on fish and crustaceans
  • grey-silvery colour
  • elongated and compressed body
  • long dorsal fin with deep notch
  • small teeth
  • viliform
25
Q

sea bass

A
  • elongated body
  • colour silver grey
  • two separated dorsal fins
  • two separated dorsal fins
  • black spot on the edge of operculum, small ctenoid scales
  • 2 flat spines on operculum; preoperculum
  • mouth large, teeth villiform
26
Q

turbot

A
  • benthic, preys on fish and cephalopods
  • asymmetric, diamond shaped body (eyes on left side)
  • grey/brown with dark spots, no scales
  • right side (blind) whitish in colour
27
Q

common sole

A
  • benthic, preys on fish, crustaceans, benthic
  • better adapted to culture in warmer areas
  • oval- sharpened body
  • eyes on right side
  • right side greyish brown to reddish brown blind side white
28
Q

mullet

A
  • feeds on zooplankton, dead plant matter, detritus
  • cylindrical body
  • silver grey colour
  • 2 dorsal fins
  • lateral line not visible (but not absent)
  • large cycloid scales, scales present also on the head
29
Q

flathead grey

A
  • feeds on zooplankton, dead plant matter, detritus
  • capture of wild fry, stocked in earthen ponds or lagoons in fresh or saltawater
  • marketable size: 600-1200g
30
Q

bluefin tuna

A
  • pelagic, highly migratory species
  • feeds in Atlantic (trophic migration)
  • fast swimming, up to 4m and 700kg (wild)
  • top predatory - feeds on fish, crustaceans and cephalopods
  • torpedo shaped
31
Q

European flat oyster

A
  • protandric hermaphrodite, changing sex twice In a season
  • feeds on plankton
  • prefers water rich in organic nutrients
  • asymmetric, oval/pear shaped valves with a rough, scaly surface
32
Q

pacific cupper oyster

A
  • protrandric hermaphrodite
  • valves asymmetrical, extremely rough, laminated
  • left (lower) valve deeply cupped, attached to substrate
33
Q

mediterranean mussel

A
  • average size 6cm
  • separate sexes, spawns in spring
  • feeds on phytoplankton + detrius
  • inhabits coastal waters
  • valves mirror-symmetric, colour black/purple-blue-brown
34
Q

anatomy of shellfish

A
  • pointy part = umbo
  • shell is composed of a mixture of proteins and CaCO3 and is produced by mantle
  • byssus is a product of byssal gland, situated near the base of the foot
  • heart has 2 atria and 1 ventricle
  • haemolymph contains haemocytes
  • uses byssal threads to attach to the rooks
  • bigger (posterior) part, mantle isn’t attached
  • posterior adductor muscle is the strongest muscle

fish (2 decks)

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