Fish

Question 0

Osteichthyes

Answer 0

Modern bony teleosts

Question 1

Chondrichthyes

Answer 1

Cartilaginous fish

Question 2

Petromyzontida

Answer 2

primitive jawless fish i.e. Lampreys

Question 3

Scale hair, ossified, spinous/hard rays, composed of bone or cartilage, characteristic of 1st dorsal fin

Answer 3

Lepidotrichion

Question 4

Horn hair, not ossified, soft rays, keratinized rod, characteristic of caudal fin

Answer 4

Ceratotrichion

Question 5

Ctenoid scales

Answer 5

Bears ctenii, fishes w/ stiff spines

Question 6

Cycloid scales

Answer 6

lack ctenii (scales), soft rayed fishes

Question 7

Placoid scales

Answer 7

back-pointing spines, cartilaginous fishes

Question 8

Ganoid scales

Answer 8

primitive bony fish

Question 9

Basipterygia

Answer 9

“Base fin”, pelvic plates

Question 10

Hypaxial musculature

Answer 10

below the ribs

Question 11

Epaxial musculature

Answer 11

above the ribs

Question 12

Freshwater fish aquarium pH?

Answer 12

6.8-7.8

Question 13

Marine aquarium pH?

Answer 13

7.8-8.3

Question 14

What pH will damage gills?

Answer 14

pH 4 and 5

Question 15

Temperature range for tropical fish?

Answer 15

75-80ºF

Question 16

What is water hardness? 
Soft:
Moderately hard:
Hard:
Very hard: 
Which has the highest buffering capacity?

Answer 16

Concentration of mineral ions in water, predominated by Ca++ and Mg++, expressed in terms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Soft: 0-75ppm
Moderately hard: 75-150ppm
Hard: 150-300ppm
Very hard: >300ppm
Which has the highest buffering capacity? Very hard

Question 17

What is the combined chlorine residual?
Total chlorine= ____ + _____
Residual chlorine levels < _____ ppm are safe to fish
How do you remove chlorine?

Answer 17

What is the combined chlorine residual? CHLORAMINES
Total chlorine= FREE CHLORINE + CHLORAMINES
Residual chlorine levels < 0.003 ppm are safe to fish
How do you remove chlorine? ADD 1 DROP 1% SODIUM THIOSULFATE to 1 GALLON OF WATER TO NEUTRALIZE CHLORAMINES

Question 18

Marine fish are HYPER/HYPOosmoregulatory?
Freshwater fish are HYPER/HYPOosmoregulatory?
Which fish drinks water?
excretes dilute urine in large volumes?
has chloride cells in gills?

Answer 18

Marine fish are HYPOosmoregulatory?
Freshwater fish are HYPERosmoregulatory?
Which fish drinks water? MARINE
excretes dilute urine in large volumes? FRESHWATER
has chloride cells in gills? MARINE

Question 19

DO of ___ppm is adequate for tropical fish.
Marine systems should have a DO of ___ppm to saturation

DO _____ as temperature and salinity _____

Answer 19

DO of 5ppm is adequate for tropical fish.
Marine systems should have a DO of 5.5ppm to saturation

DO DECREASES as temperature and salinity INCREASE

Question 20

Ammonia is converted to ____ by bacterial (______) decomposition. _____ is converted to nitrate by bacterial (______) decomposition. ______ and ______ are toxic to fish.

Nitrites form _______ from hemoglobin resulting in _____.

Answer 20

Ammonia is converted to NITRITE by bacterial (NITROSOMONAS) decomposition. NITRITE is converted to nitrate by bacterial (NITROBACTER) decomposition. AMMONIA and NITRITE are toxic to fish.

Nitrites form METHEMOGLOBIN from hemoglobin resulting in HYPOXIA.