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Avian Flashcards

1
Q

Entire beak/bill (bone covered by keratin sheath)

A

Rostrum

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2
Q

Ornamental appendages around the commissure of the rostrum on some chicken breeds

A

Ricti

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3
Q

Name the three Patagia of the wing

A

Propatagium, Metapatagium, Postpatagium

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4
Q

What is the name of the extra digit on male Galliforms above the hallux?

A

Spur/calcar

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5
Q

Ear coverts

A

Auricular feathers

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6
Q

Tail feathers of the peacock

A

Upper tail coverts

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7
Q

Tail feathers

A

Retrices

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8
Q

Undertail coverts

A

Crissum

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9
Q

What is the name of the feather around the cloaca?

A

Cloacal circlet

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10
Q

Leg feathers

A

Crural feathers

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11
Q

Flight feathers

A

Remiges

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12
Q

5 types of coverts

A

Greater, Median, Lesser, Marginal/wing, Alular

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13
Q

Dorsal wing feathers?

A

Remiges, coverts, alula/alular quills, scapulars/humeral

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14
Q

Ventral wing feathers?

A

remiges, coverts,

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15
Q

Shaft of the feather

A

Rachis

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16
Q

Quill part of the feather

A

Calamus

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17
Q

Hole in the bottom of the feather

A

Inferior umbilicus

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18
Q

Growing feather with a blood supply

A

blood feather

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19
Q

newly emerged, incomplete blood feather

A

pin feather

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20
Q

Found on either side of the rachis

A

vane

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21
Q

______ attach to each ____ which attach to the rachis

A

Barbules, barb

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22
Q

Barbules do not have hamuli and troughs

A

Plumaceous part

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23
Q

Barbules end with hamuli and troughs

A

Pennaceous part

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24
Q

All feathers that provide the body outline, rachis and vane

A

Contour feathers

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25
Q

Hidden under outer body feathers, base of wings, gradation toward totally plumaceous, help with insulation, rachis, downy vane, no hamuli

A

semiplumes

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26
Q

totally plumaceous vane, first feathers of hatchlings, under outer body feathers in adults, on papilla of uropygial gland, provide insulation, +/- rachis, small soft and fluffy, no hamuli

A

Down

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27
Q

Don’t look like feathers, modified to grow from base and disintegrate from tip continuously, produces fine waxy powder spread over other feathers

A

powder/powder down feathers

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28
Q

sparsely located but always associated w/ contours, usually on nape and upper back, hair-like, barbs at tip, sensory feather, detect vibration in contours

A

filoplumes

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29
Q

What is the name for feather tracts v. no feather tracts?

A

Pterylae and Apteria

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30
Q

superior half of rhampotheca

A

rhinotheca

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31
Q

inferior half of rhampotheca

A

gnathotheca

32
Q

Swollen sensitive area at base of bill/beak in some birds

33
Q

Keratin flap in dorsal part of naris in chickens and turkeys

34
Q

In the adult, the remnant is Meckel’s Diverticulum.

A

Yolk stalk

35
Q

Avian platelets and neutrophils

A

thrombocytes and heterophils

36
Q

Where do avian T lymphocytes mature? B lymphocytes?

A

Thymus, Bursa of Fabricus

37
Q

Do birds have lymph nodes? What is the exception?

A

No, anseriformes

38
Q

How many avian vena cavae are there? What are they?

A

3, Left cranial, right cranial, caudal

39
Q

How many brachiocephalic arteries are there?

A

2, left and right

40
Q

To what direction does the aortic arch in aves bend?

41
Q

Which side of the neck should be used for jugular venipuncture in a bird?

A

Right side

42
Q

Where do the kidneys fit into the avian skeleton?

A

Renal fossa

43
Q

What are the lobes of the avian kidney and what are their vascular boundaries?

A 
Cranial lobe
Common iliac v.
Middle lobe
Ischiatic a. and v.
Caudal lobe
44
Q

What are the two types of nephrons in aves and what is the main difference between them?

A

Reptilian nephrons (cortex) and Mammalian nephrons (medulla), reptilian do not have a loop of henle

45
Q

Do birds have a urinary bladder? A urethra?

46
Q

Where do the ureters empty into?

47
Q

What are the 3 components of bird droppings and from where do they come?

A

Feces (colon), urine (kidneys), Uric acid (the white stuff)

48
Q

What part of the cloaca do the ductus deferentia empty into?

A

The urodeum

49
Q

Non-lymph filled phallus

A

Detumescent phallus

50
Q

lymph filled phallus

A

tumescent phallus

51
Q

Tumescent phallus which does not enter female

A

Non-intromittent

52
Q

Tumescent phallus enters female

A

Intromittent

53
Q

Birds (with the exception of the kiwi) have ovaries and oviducts on only one side. Which side?

54
Q

What is bird sex called? (are you kidding me?)

A

cloacal kiss

55
Q

Give each location and time frame of the egg through the oviduct.

A

INFUNDIBULUM-15 mins (fertilization, lubrication)
MAGNUM-3 hrs (Albumen)
ISTHMUS-1.25 hrs (shell membranes)
UTERUS-20-21 hrs (shell deposition, pigment)
VAGINA-few seconds (cuticle/bloom)

56
Q

What is another word for precocial? What is the “opposite” of precocial? Which has more yolk in the egg?

A

Nidifugous, altricial, precocial has more yolk

57
Q

The biological clock that sets the seasonal breeding patterns of birds, circadian
rhythms of locomotion, migration times & torporific states.

A

Pineal gland

58
Q

What is the process which results in increased bone deposition on the struts of pneumatic bones about 10 days prior to laying? What hormones is it under the influence of?

A

Osteomyelosclerosis, estrogens (ovary) and androgens (adrenal)

59
Q

What is the major function of the syrinx?

A

sound production

60
Q

What are the 8 air sacs of chickens?

A 
Cervical
Clavicular/interclavicular
Paired cranial thoracic
Paired caudal thoracic
Paired abdominal
61
Q

The lungs function in _______. The air sacs function in ________.

A

Respiration, Ventilation

62
Q

What bone is associated with the body of the tongue? The base?

A

Entoglossal, basihyal

63
Q

What part of the hyoid apparatus is palpable on the ventral aspect of the jaw?

A

Epibranchial bone

64
Q

Give the type of crop for each diet:

  1. Insect eaters and grass eaters
  2. fish eaters
  3. simple diverticulum (condors & vultures)
  4. grain and seed eating birds
A
  1. No crop
  2. Rudimentary
  3. False crop
  4. True crop
65
Q

What are the two functions of the ceca?

A

Cellulose digestion and high bacterial content

66
Q

What are the three compartments of the cloaca? In which lies the Bursa of Fabricus?

A

Corpdeum, Urodeum, Proctodeum, BOF is in Proctodeum on dorsal side in young birds. Also know corpurodeal fold and uroproctodeal fold

67
Q

Where are owl pellets formed? What is the process of casting called? From where is the pellet cast?

A

Ventriculus, egestion, proventriculus

68
Q

Do birds have a diaphragm?

69
Q

Surgical procedure resulting in bird’s inability to fly, section part of extensor metacarpi radialis tendon or amputation of two digits.

70
Q

What does the tendon of the supracoracoideus muscle travel through before inserting on the proximal dorsal humerus?

A

Triosseal canal

71
Q

Fx of m. pectoralis

A

depresses the wing

72
Q

Fx of m. supracoracoideus

A

elevates wing

73
Q

Tenses the propatagium for controlling angle of life, extends carpus and digits and flexes elbow.

A

Propatagialis complex (long and short tendons)

74
Q

Fx of major deltoid m.

A

pulls wing caudally and dorsally

75
Q

Fx of triceps brachii m.

A

draws humerus caudally and helps maintain semi flexed position for flex gliding

76
Q

fx of biceps brachii m.

A

flexor of elbow

77
Q

The anconeus m. in mammals is the ______ in avian species?

A

Ectepicondyloulnaris m.

Exotics (6 decks)

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