Fish Flashcards
Diseases
mycobacteriosis microsporidiosis velvet disease (oodiniun) saprolegnia (fish fungus) bacterial finrot nematodes tumour (non-infectious)
Mycobacteriosis
Fish tuberculosis lethargy anorexia skin inflammation and ulceration fin loss oedema/dropsy peritonitis granulomatous nodules (internal organs muscle)
zoonotic
Microsporidiosis
emaciation
lethargy
spinal deformities
dorsal darkening
poor standards of water quality and husbandry
Velvet disease
oodiniun - parasite that attaches to skin and gills of fish
dusty covering on the skin
discomfort
lethargy
increased respiration
Saprolegnia
Fish fungus
fluffy white patches on skin - usually when skin is damaged (injuries, rough netting and handling, parasitic infections, superficial burns)
doesn’t normally attack healthy living tissue
Bacterial finrot
Aeromonas bacteria from poor water quality
ammonia and nitrite damage skin and fins, allow bacteria to invade cells
red streaks on fins and decay on fin membranes
Nematodes
P. tomentosa
parasitic worm
chronic wasting
Tumours
especially obvious in males
mainly abdomen and skin
Schedule 1
anaesthetic overdose
concussion of brain by striking the cranium
Tricaine
MS222
4.2 ml / 100 ml aquarium water
supervise for 20 minutes
Confirmation of death
permanent cessation of circulation
destruction of the brain
rigor mortis
Temperatures - wild
6 - 38 C
pH - wild
6 - 8.5
Temperature- in aquarium
24 - 30 C
Light/dark schedule
14 hour light
10 hour dark
lights 8am - 10pm
Carbon filter
activated carbon
removes chlorine and chloramines
UV steriliser
bulbs to wavelength to kill bacteria and pathogen DNA and kill
Pressurised sand filter
inert silica sand to capture detritus
Fluidised sand filter
coral sand to act as buffer to keep water ~7.5 pH
Biological filter
nitromonas = ammonia –> nitrite
nitrobacter = nitrite –> nitrate
Water tests
chlorine (carbon filter) oxygen levels pH (7.5) ammonia, nitrite (biological filter) water hardness temperature
Food - aquarium
paramecia
rotifers
artemia
dry and flake pellet
Stocking density
0.24 L per fish
Breeding - embryos
28 C
independent feeding 5.2 days
Breeding - maturity
2-4 months
benthic spawners
Signs of pain
- struggling and moving away
- rubbing the affected parts against solid objects
- reduced movement and feeding
- posture changes
- secretion accumulation around eyes, mouth, gills
Signs of distress
- altered behavior and abnormal positions
- hiding or avoiding other fish
- increased gill or fin movements
- frantic swimming or jumping out of the water
- loss off weight
- color changes
- stereotypic behavior
Deep sedation
- cessation of voluntary swimming
- loss of response to stimuli
Deep narcosis
- decreased muscle tone
- equilibrium loss
- appropriate level for fin and gill biopsies
Surgical anaesthesia
- slow respiration and heart rate
- total loss of activity to stimuli
