Fish Flashcards
Chordates
At some point have the following
1- presence of a notochord
2-pharyngeal slits
3- dorsal, hollow nerve cord
4-post anal tail
Cephalochordates
Cepha= “mostly head”
Tunicates
Tuni= “mostly tail”
Vertebrates
Have a backbone and chondrocranium
Chondrocranium
Cartilaginous skeleton that supports the brain, jaws and sensory organs
Agnatha
No jaws
No teeth
No paired fins (pectoral or pelvic)
Placodermi
(First)Jawed fish with dermal (external and individual) plates
Ostracodermi
Jawless, had entire shell like skin, “eel like”
Chondrishthyes
Cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays)
Osteichthyens
Bony fish (normal fish)
Anadromous
Fish that swim up river to spawn
Elsmobrachs
Part of chondryctides
3 groups:
Galea
Squeala
Batoidea
Squales
Shark like forms that all lack anal fins
Are mostly deep sea fishes such as the angel shark
Galea
Have anal fins, most types of sharks
Boteida
Skates, rays and allied fishes like guitarfish and sawfish
Adapted to benthic habitats(bottom of the ocean)
Durophangous diet (hard shelled pray like snails)
Teeth are flat designed for crushing
Males will develop teeth to immobilize females for copulation suing claspers
Have protrusable mouths (can stretch out and suck)
Squalea (modern sharks)
Have snouts that overhands the mouth
Tendency for the vertebrae at to become calcified not ossified
The anamel of the teeeth is complex in contruction
Sensory and behavioral characteristics not seen in chaimeras or boatoids
Are larger fish
Mostly marine predators but the biggest one are filter feeders
Chemoreception
Machireception
Larger eyes
(Male) internal fertilization using clasper
Chemoreception
(Sharks) very large olfactory lobes to the forebrain and are extremely sensitive to things like blood
Mechanoreception
Neuromast organs that are in the lateral line system are them sentisitive to water pressure
Electro reception
Integumentary organ called the ampulae of Lorenzini, sensitive to weak electriacal signals emitted by potential pray
Oviparity
Give birth to livespring while in eggs
Ovoviviparity
Eggs will incubate and hatch inside the mother body and will be born live
Viviparity
Young develop inside the mothers placenta and aer born live (spaghetti system)
Urea (amonia diffusion?)
When proteins are broken down into amino acids for digestion
Recta gland
The organ that takes in exess of salt in the body and empties out into the posterior part of the intestines, straight to feces
Lung fish
Lack decided cranium
Have Paletine teeth
Most of their endoskeleton are cartiliginous, except for the cranium
Live in fresh water
Have gills but also use their single lung for when there’s little oxygen (water is stagnant)
Por eyesight, use chemoreception and electro reception
Are oviparous
Aestivate(fish harbonation) in response to dry environments
Coelacanths
Swim bladder
Ovivivvoprouse
Have ancestral and modern traints( chondraichthyan and osteocthyan trains)
Intercranial joins (allows them to expand their mouth)
Sarcopterygian (lobe fish)
Lung fish
Coelecanths
Actinioterygii
Holosteans
Gars and bowfish
Blowfish
Cycloid scales
Gulag plate
Swim bladder
Teleosts
“Complete or perfect” skeleton
Elopomorpha- ells and tarpons
Osteoglassomorpha- bony tongue fishes
Otocephala- hearing link between swim bladder and inner ear
Auteleostophorma- “derived teleosts”
Elopepomorpha
A group defined by osteological features, not dna evidence
Distinct larva stage
Leptocephalus larvae
95% eel like, other 5% normal fish(tarpons and bone fish)
Catadromous
Osteoglossomorpha
Bony tounge group
Electric fish group
Otocephala
Linkage that includes clupeiformes and ostariphysi
Clupeoformes
Mostly marine fishes
Schooling fish that eat plankton
Weberian apparatus(makes them more aware of surrounding)
Use pheromones for communication
Oviparous
Ostasriophysans
Cyprinifomrs-minnows, suckers, carps
Gymnotiformes- electric eels
Siluriformes-catfishes
Characiformes- characins
