FISH

Question 1

HOW FISH & SHELLFISH DIFFER THAN MEAT

Answer 1

Different primarily in muscle structure and composisiton

Question 2

fish is less tough

Answer 2

vs meat

Question 3

fish have limited

Answer 3

shelf life (high in nucleotides)

Question 4

Hundreds of fish and shellfish species with different characteristics and nutritional benefits

Answer 4

fat high in long chain PUFA like omega 3 fatty acid

Question 5

balanced amino acids

Answer 5

and high protein content

Question 6

shellfish tends to have

Answer 6

high cholesterol level

Question 7

“Matured” post-rigor is preferred for

Answer 7

desired flavour changes

Question 8

M/o metabolize TMAO

Answer 8

trimethylamine (TMA) +
dimethylamine (DMA) + ammonia + volatile comp.

Question 9

Fish myoglobins contains cysteine residue can react with

Answer 9

sulfhydryl compounds in the presence of TMAO
to cause green discoloration of the meat

Question 10

H2S producing bacteria breakdown proteins into

Answer 10

amino acids + volatile sulfur compounds (mercaptans, H2S)

Question 11

Cross-linking of protein chains with lipid oxidation
products

Answer 11

toughening & discoloration of muscle
tissues

Question 12

Slime secretion = Hyperaemia

Answer 12

Contain large amounts of nitrogenous compounds (NPN
becomes nourishment for m/o)

Question 13

Autolysis by

Answer 13

endogenous enzymes

Question 14

Proteolysis:

Answer 14

: Cathepsins, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and
peptidases

Question 15

Lipid hydrolysis

Answer 15

lipases form free fatty acids

Question 16

Nucleic acids (RNA & DNA

Answer 16

Nucleotides

Question 17

Metabolic activities:

Answer 17

ATP→ ADP → AMP → inosine monophosphate (IMP) →
inosine → hypoxanthine → xanthine → uric acid

Question 18

Filleting during pre-rigor can

Answer 18

shorten length of

Question 19

Dark muscle may shrink (up to 50-52%) >

Answer 19

white muscle (up
to 15-18%).

Question 20

Put pressure to myoseptum

Answer 20

partial disruption of
myosepta/

Question 21

Texture deteriorate through disruption of Z-lines and Hzones, with separation of sarcomere

Answer 21

into two distinct sections

Question 22

Major examples of NPN:

Answer 22

creatine/tmao/nucleotides/peptides/free amino aicd/ammonia