First Unitish Idk

Question 1

What is anthropology?

Answer 1

Study of humans and related species.

Question 2

Biological variation is influenced by…

Answer 2

Genetics
Environmental forces
Bio cultural/cultural

Question 3

What are the 4 major evolutionary forces?

Answer 3

1. Gene flow
2. Random genetic drift
3. Natural selection
4. Mutation

Question 4

What is cultural variation?

Answer 4

The by product of learned behaviours

Question 5

What are the 4 major subfeilds of anthropology?

Answer 5

1. Social cultural
2. Linguistics
3. Physical/biological
4. Archaeology

Question 6

What are the 5 types of archaeology?

Answer 6

Prehistoric - related to prehistory
Classical - Rome and Greece
Historical - uses written records
Ethnoarchaeology - material cultural production
Zoo-archaeology - focused on living animals

Question 7

What are the interests on archeologists?

Answer 7

• time period of human past
• recovery/analysis of artifacts etc
• special attention to context or provenience of artifacts
• material culture/sites used to enterprise culture variation and culture change

Question 8

What is an artifact?

Answer 8

Any object modified by humans (stone tools, pottery)

Question 9

What is an Eco fact?

Answer 9

Natural objects used or effected by humans (bones, seeds, pollen)

Question 10

What is a feature

Answer 10

Artifacts too big to move/ soil disturbances, discolour from humans

Question 11

What is a sight?

Answer 11

Geographic place showing evidence of past human activity

Question 12

What is the process that archaeologist use

Answer 12

• locate potential site
• survey and map the site
• devise a sapling plan and excavate sample units
• after sample excavation can begin
• use a grid system

Question 13

What is a datum point?

Answer 13

The point that everything is mapped off of

Question 14

When does an excavation end?

Answer 14

When you hit sterile layers of ground

Question 15

What kind of stuff can be a problem for archaeologists?

Answer 15

Intrusion of a soil, natural events, animal behaviour

Question 16

What preserves and what doesn’t?

Answer 16

Preserves- stone, fired clay, bone, metal (less fragile)

Doesn’t- wood, plant fibres, leather (fragile)

Question 17

What are extreme climates?

Answer 17

Very Hot dry
Very cold dry
Oxygen free sites 
-volcanic eruption
-mudslides
-peat bogs
-under water

All are really good for preservation of artifacts

Question 18

What is relative dating? And what are some problems of it

Answer 18

Conspiring on artifact to another to determine a timeline of which ones are older and younger (relative to each other)
Problems : doesn’t indicate: how long ago sequence began/how long it lasted

Question 19

What is absolute dating?

Answer 19

Lab analysis of artifacts
Assigns a date in years
Consider absolute (give or take)

Question 20

What kind of info can anthropologists use to reconstruct life in the past?

Answer 20

• Artifacts etc
• Environmental evidence and reconstruction
• human soft tissue and skeletal remains

Question 21

Why is the human skeleton a good way to reconstruct past life?

Answer 21

Bone undergoes change and we live and age

Question 22

What are osteoblasts? Osteoclasts?

Answer 22

Blasts- bone forming cells

Clasts - bone resorption cells

Question 23

What can a human skeleton tell us about past life?

Answer 23

• Disease
• physiological stress, injury, violent death
• physical activity
• demographic history
• diet nutrition

Question 24

Physical anthropologists can tell is what about the human skeleton

Answer 24

• age
• sex
• pre/post Mortem