Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Psychology > First test > Flashcards

First test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what are the 4 goals of psychology

A

1- Describe
2- Explain
3- Predict
4- Control/change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an inference

A

emotion or thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is trephining

A

chipping a hole in a patient’s skull -> evil spirits could then escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Established the first experimental laboratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are today’s five perspectives

A 
1- Neuroscience 
2- Psychodynamic
3- Behavioural 
4- Cognitive
5- Humanistic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

neuroscience perspective

A

views behaviour from the perspective of biological functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

believes behaviour is motivated by inner, unconscious forces over which a person has little control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

behavioural perspective

A

focuses on observable behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cognitive perspective

A

examines how people understand and think about the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

humanistic perspective

A

contends that people can control their behaviour and that they naturally try to reach full potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are epigenetics

A

when your DNA is changed caused by some kind of trauma, which is carried towards their children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are excitatory messages

A

a chemical message that makes it more likely that a receiving neutron will fire and an action potential will travel down its axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dendrites

A

receive messages from other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

axon

A
  • the neuron’s information highway
  • he carries messages destined for other cells
  • generally longest part of neuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

myelin sheath

A

contains glial cells that wrap themselves around the axon, providing a protective coating and increasing the velocity of the electrical message

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

terminal buttons

A
  • where the axons terminate at

- where synaptic transmission between neutrons or a tissue occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hindbrain

A
  • AKA the reptilian brain
  • part of the brain which controls basic functionings (eating and sleeping) and is common to all vertebrates
  • major components: the medulla, pons, the cerebellum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

midbrain

A
  • small region that connects the hindbrain to the forebrain

- major components: the reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the major structures of the brain

A
  • hypothalamus
  • pituitary gland
  • pons
  • reticular formation
  • spinal cord
  • cerebral cortex
  • corpus callosum
  • thalamus
  • cerebellum
  • medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the four lobes

A
  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • occipital lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hypothalamus

A

responsible for regulating basic biological needs:hunger, thirst, temperature control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pituitary gland

A
  • “master gland”
  • secretes hormones that control growth and other parts pf encoring system
  • major component of endocrine system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pons

A

involved in sleep and arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

spinal cord

A

responsible for communication between brain and rest of body: involved with simple reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

reticular formation

A

a network of neurons related to sleep, arousal and attention

26
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the “new brain” responsible for the most sophisticated processing

27
Q

corpus callosum

A

bridge of fibres passing information between the two cerebral hemispheres

28
Q

thalamus

A

relay centre for cortex, handles incoming and outgoing signals, relays information about the senses

29
Q

cerebellum

A

controls bodily balance

30
Q

medulla

A

responsible for regulating largely, unconscious functions such as breathing and circulating

31
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • motor area

- planning, executive functions and includes the prefrontal cortex

32
Q

parietal lobe

A

feel sensations such as pressure warmth and pain

33
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory

34
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

35
Q

what are the subcortical structures

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • limbic system
36
Q

limbic system

A
  • part of brain that controls eating, aggression and reproduction
  • includes the amygdala (emotions) and the hippocampus (memory)
37
Q

neuroplasticity

A

process which the brain continuously reorganizes itself through the establishment of new connections

38
Q

neurogenesis

A

creation of new neurons in certain parts of the brain

39
Q

synaptogenesis

A

creation of new web of synaptic connections between neurons creating new circuits (learning + reading)

40
Q

left hemisphere

A

concentrated on speech, reading, thinking and reasoning

41
Q

right hemisphere

A

concentrated on visual-spatial integration, recognition of patterns and drawings, music and emotional expression

42
Q

what are reflexes

A
  • an automatic, involuntary response to an incoming stimulus

- the spinal cord controls some reflexes, such as knee jerk

43
Q

what are the three types of neurons involved in reflexes?

A

1- Sensory (afferent) neurons
2- Motor (efferent) neurons
3- Interneurons

44
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons

A

brings in information from the perimeter of the body to the central nervous system

45
Q

motor (efferent) neurons

A

communicates information from the nervous system to muscles and glands

46
Q

interneurons

A

connect sensory and motor neurons, carrying messages between the two

47
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls all voluntary control of movements

48
Q

automatic nervous system

A

controls all involuntary movements of the body (heart, breathing)

49
Q

what systems is the automatic nervous system subdivided into

A
  • sympathetic nervous system

- parasympathetic nervous system

50
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

prepares the body to deal with stressful situations and evokes the fight/flight response

51
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

acts to calm the body

52
Q

endocrine system

A
  • chemical communication network that sends messages throughout the body via the bloodstream
  • controlled and monitored by the hypothalamus via pituitary gland
53
Q

hormones

A
  • chemicals that are produced by the endocrine system and secreted into bloodstream
  • regulate the functioning or growth of the body
54
Q

what is the central nervous system composed of ?

A

The brain and spinal cord

55
Q

Who’s the researcher responsible for the discovery of neuroplasticity

A

Dr. Bacchanreada

56
Q

Who came up with the “phantom limb”

A

Dr Melzack

57
Q

Who experimented the “phantom limb” in documentary

A

Dr Ramachandran

58
Q

What are face maps

A

Touching certain areas in the face would make the patients feel their missing limbs -> face and hand arm cortex are next to each other so face cortex took over the hand one

59
Q

mirror box experiment

A

relieves cramps by thinking the brain into thinking you’re actually moving fingers of phantom limb

60
Q

Which correlation coefficient reflects the strongest relationship?

A

-0.71

61
Q

What does the acronym SQ4R stands for?

A

survey, question, read, recite, review, write

General Psychology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions