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LEVEL 2 STUDY GUIDE CLASS 65-25 > FIRST RESPONDERS LEVEL 2 > Flashcards

FIRST RESPONDERS LEVEL 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Standard of Care

A

Treat the patient to the best of your ability
Provide care that a reasonable person with similar training would provide under similar circumstances

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2
Q

Duty to Act

A

You SHALL act when dispatched to a medical emergency

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3
Q

Neglect

A

Occurs when a patient is injured because of the treatment or;
Occurs when no treatment is given

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4
Q

Consent

A

Implied - patient is unable to consent due to being unconscious
Expressed - patient, verbally or nonverbally, consents to the treatment
Informed - patient knows who you are and allows you to treat them
-
does not express they want treatment, but accepts it
Children under 18 - a parent or guardian must consent to treatment
-
You can use implied consent in situations where an adult is not present and life saving treatment is
needed

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5
Q

Good Samaritan Law

A

Must be in good faith

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6
Q

CAB

A

Cicularion
Airway
Breathing

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7
Q

2 Method of Correcting a Blocked Airway

A

Head Tilt Chin Lift
Jaw Thrust Maneuver

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8
Q

Normal Breaths per Minute

A

12 - 20
8 is too low
30 is too high

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9
Q

AVPU

A

Patient is awake, can answer questions accurately and appropriately
V - verbal
-
P - pain
-
Patient responds to pain stimulus
U - unresponsive
-
Patient does not resp.l.,mond to any stimulus

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10
Q

SAMPLE

A

Signs - something you can see or feel (ex. Bleeding)
-
Symptoms - something the patient feels (ex. Chest pain)
-
A - allergies
-
M - medications
-
P - prior medical history
-
L - last oral intake
-
E - events leading to the injury

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11
Q

3 Steps to Responding to a Medical Emergency

A

-Scene Size Up

-Primary Assessment

-Secondary Assessment

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12
Q

Scene Size Up

A

Ensure scene safety
Determine possible mechanism of injury
Determine how many patients and need for additional resources

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13
Q

Primary Assessment

A

dentify Life threatening injuries
Assess CAB

-Open up the airway if needed
Start CPR if needed
-
Use AVPU
Take note of skin color/temperature
-
Pale
-
Flushed
-
Blue
-
Yellow/Jaundiced
Update EMS after assessment

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14
Q

Secondary Assessment

A

Use SAMPLE
-
Look for DOTS;
-
Deformities
-
Open injuries
-
Tenderness
-
Swelling
-
-
Take pulse
-
60 - 100 Beats per minute is normal
Pupil size/reaction
-
Indicates drug usage or possible head/brain injury

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15
Q

Re-assessment Times

A

Unstable/life threatening injuries - Every 5 minutes
Stable/non-life threatening injuries - Every 15 minutes

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16
Q

Seizures

A

Usually lasts 1-2 minutes
-
Can be caused by;
-
Head injuries
-
Sudden high fever
-
Epilepsy
-
Place on the ground and move all objects out of the way
-
Hold head from hitting ground if necessary
-
After the seizure - check for open airway and ensure proper breathing

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17
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Usually related to stress or exercise

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18
Q

Heart Attack

A

Caused when 1 or more of the coronary arteries are completely blocked

19
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

CPR and defibrillation needed

20
Q

Stroke (FAST-ED)

A

Blocking of blood flow to the brain
Signs and symptoms
-
F - Facial droop
-
A - Arm drift
-
S - Slurred Speech
-
T - Time
-
E - Eye deviation
-
D - Denial
Place patient in the recovery position

21
Q

Diabetes

A

Body is unable to produce insulin to process glucose
Insulin Shock
-
Occurs when the body has too much insulin and not enough glucose
-
May appear drunk

22
Q

4 Ways for Poison to Enter the Body

A

80% of cases
Injection (bee stings)
Inhalation (breathing)
-
If everyone on the scene is passed out, remove everyone from the location and expect gas
Absorption (through the skin)
-
Brush off chemical and wash for at least 20 minutes

23
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

Rapid onset; Itching, hives, swelling, rapid weak pulse
Treat with epinephrine (epi-pen)
Main concern is opening the airway

24
Q

Substance Abuse

A

-8.9% of americans suffer from abuse

-Alcohol is most commonly abused drug

-Give naloxone for overdose (narcan)

25
4 Stages of Grief
Anxiety or shock Denial Anger Remorse or grief
26
Attempted Suicide
Protect yourself and the patient from further harm Ensure there is no weapon Obtain incident information Prior history?? Do not judge the patient Provide emotional support
27
Heat Cramps
- Muscle cramps and spasms - Treatment - Move patient into a cool place and lay down
28
Heat Exhaustion
Profuse sweating, dizziness, nausea, weak pulse, low blood pressure Treatment -Move patient into a cool place -Shock position -Give cool fluids
29
Heat Stroke
Dry, hot skin Semi-conscious or unconscious Internal temperatures up to 106°F Treatment -Remove clothes -Soak patient with water -Cool with ice packs in groin or armpits
30
Frostbite
Body part becomes bright red and numb Treatment -Place hands under armpits -Do not warm the area by rubbing it
31
Hypothermia
Occurs when the body temp reaches under 95°F Cold or shivering Slow, confused, lack of coordination Treatment -Move patient into warm location -Remove clothes and use blankets to -warm -Place hands under armpits
32
Shock
Failure of the circulatory system Usually caused from fluid loss - -2 or more pints Treatment - Stop bleeding Place in the shock position - -Lay on back with feet up -Do not give food or drink
33
Types of Bleeding
-Capillary -Most common -Blood oozes out -Venous -Steady flow of blood -Arterial -Most serious -Blood spurts out with each heartbeat
34
Ways to stop Bleedings
- Direct Pressure - Tourniquet - Pressure Points
35
Types of Wounds
Closed wounds - Skin remains intact - Bruise or swelling Open wounds - Break in the skin - 4 Types; - Abrasion - Scrape, rug burn - Puncture - - Direct penetration of an object into the skin - Ex. gunshot, stab wound Do not remove object if still inside Laceration - Most common type is a cut Avulsion/Amputation - Tearing away of body tissue - - - - - - - - Amputation - Tearing away of an entire body part Chest and Back Wounds - Apply an occlusive dressing - Monitor patient for difficulty breathing - If difficulty, allow for burping Stomach Wounds - Place on back with knees bent - Cover the open intestines - Do not try to push them back in Genital Wounds - Apply direct pressure and a sterile dressing
36
Cause or Types of Burns
Thermal - - Caused by heat Run under cool water Respiratory - - Burn of the airway Administer oxygen Chemical - - Brush dry chemical off skin Wash affected area for 10 - 20 minutes Electrical - - - - - - - - - Electricity travels through the body Causes severe internal damage Ensure patient is not in contact with source
37
Degrees of Burns
First Degree - Superficial (outermost layer of skin) - Minor to moderate pain Second Degree - Damages multiple layers of skin - Blisters - Fluid loss - Moderate to severe pain Third Degree - Damages all layers of skin, including muscles and nerves - Absent of pain - Loses large amount of fluid - Susceptible to shock and infection
38
Types of Injuries
Fracture - - Broken bone - Closed and open fractures Sprain and Strain - Tearing of the ligaments in the joint - Dislocation - Stretching or tearing of the muscle
39
Full Term Pregnancy
39 - 40 weeks
40
Stages of Labor
First Stage (contractions) - Initial contractions - Bag of waters breaks Second Stage (giving birth) - Crowning occurs - No time to transport Third Stage (afterbirth) - Delivery of the Placenta
41
Crowning
A body part of the baby, usually the head, exposes from the vagina during contractions
42
Complications
- Premature birth (under 5 lbs or less than 36 weeks) - Unbroken bag of waters - Prolapsed umbilical cord - Place mother on her back with elevate feet Breech birth - Anything but the head crowning first Stillborn birth Multiple births Excessive bleeding
43
Questions to Ask
What was the fluid color when the water broke? Has she experienced a bloody show? Is this your first pregnancy? - First pregnancy = Longer Labor - Time to reach the hospital - Second or more pregnancy = shorter labor - May not be able to reach the hospital When was your last contraction? - 2 minutes indicates to prepare for delivery - Do you feel like you need to use the bathroom? How long do the contractions last? When did the contractions start?

LEVEL 2 STUDY GUIDE CLASS 65-25 (7 decks)

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