First PP Flashcards
In Chronic Bronchitis what are the signs of a Blue Bloater?
– Obese
– Cyanotic
– Productive Cough
– Accessory Muscle Use
– Frequent Lung Infections – Mimic Right Sided CHF
* Cor Pulmonale
– Hypertrophy - Stretched
– Rhonchi & Wheezing
What is Emphysema?
Breakdown of alveoli walls
* Reduces surface area for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
* Reduced elasticity of lungs
* Polycythemia
* Excess RBC
* Thick blood & clots
What is a Pink Puffer?
– Barrel Chest – Pursed Lips – Pink Color – Dry Cough
* No Cough – Wheezing?
What are the signs and symptoms of emphysema?
Extreme difficulty of breathing on minimal exertion
Pink complexion (Emphysema patients are often called “pink puffers.”)
Tachypnea—breathing rate usually greater than 20 per minute at rest
Tripod position
May be on home oxygen
What is Asthma?
- Episodic disease
- Narrowing of bronchioles & overproduction of mucus
- Typically one directional, allowing air into lungs but requiring forceful exhalation (wheezing)
What causes asthma?
- Allergic reactions
- Pollutants
- Exercise & stress
What causes a Pulmonary Edema?
– Accumulation of Fluid in the Alveoli
* Left Ventricular Damage
* Low Atmospheric Pressure (High Altitude) – Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
* Right or Left Sided Failure
* Edema Legs or Back (Pitting Edema) * JVD
* Lungs
What are the symptoms of a pulmonary Edema?
– Feeling Worse at Night for Days
– Weight Gain Over Several Days (Swelling) – Anxiety (Hypoxia)
– Pale Sweaty Skin
– Rapid Labored Breathing
– Tachycardia and Hypertension
how do you treat a pulmonary edema?
High Flow O2, CPAP, or Artificial Ventilation – Keep Legs Down
What is Pneumonia?
Pneumonia is an infection of the lower airways(alveoli)
What are symptoms of Pneumonia ?
Sudden Onset of Fever, Chills, Shaking
* Productive Cough w/ Colorful Sputum
* Pain - Aggravated w/ Breathing & Coughing * Dyspnea w/ Accessory Muscle Use
* Fatigue - Tires Easily
* Lung Sounds - Wheezing, Rales, Rhonchi
What is spontaneous Pneumothorax?
Lung collapses without injury or other obvious cause
* Tall, thin people, and smokers are at higher risk for this condition
What are the symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax?
Sharp, pleuritic chest pain
– Decreased or absent lung sounds on side
with injured lung
– Shortness of breath/dyspnea on exertion
– Low oxygen saturation, cyanosis
– Tachycardia
What causes a pulmonary embolism?
Blockage in blood supply to lungs
* Commonly caused by deep vein
thrombosis (DVT)
* Increased risk from limb immobility, local trauma, abnormally fast blood clotting
What are the signs and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism ?
– Chest pain
– Shortness of breath
– Low oxygen saturation/cyanosis – Tachycardia
– Wheezing
What is Epigolottis infection?
Infection causing swelling around glottic opening
* In severe cases, swelling can cause airway obstruction
what are the signs and symptoms of epiglottis infection?
– Sore throat, drooling, difficult swallowing
– Preferred upright or tripod position
– Sick appearance
– Muffled voice
– Fever
– Stridor
What is Cystic fibrosis ?
Genetic disease typically appearing in childhood
* Causes thick, sticky mucus accumulating in the lungs and digestive system
* Mucus can cause life-threatening lung infections and serious digestion proble
What are the signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
– Coughing with large amounts of mucus – Fatigue
– Frequent occurrences of pneumonia
– Abdominal pain and distention
– Coughing up blood
– Nausea
– Weight loss
What is the treatment for cystic fibrosis?
– Caregiver often best resource for baseline
assessment of patient
– Caregivers can often guide treatment
– Assess for, and treat, inadequate breathing
– Transport
What are viral respiratory infections?
Infection of respiratory tract
*effects patients with underlying respiratory diseases like COPD
What are the symptoms of respiratory infections?
- Often starts with sore or scratchy throat with sneezing, runny nose, and fatigue
- Fever and chills
- Infection can spread into lungs, causing
shortness of breath - Cough can be persistent; may produce yellow or greenish sputum
What artificial ventilation can be provided
Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD)
* One rescuer bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen
What does artificial ventilation do?
– Chest rises & Falls W/ Each Ventilation – Sufficient Rate
* Adult 12 / Minute
* Infant & Child 20 / Minute
– Heart Rate Returns to Normal – Skin Color Improves
What is hypoxia?
– Low Oxygen
what are the signs of hypoxia?
– Shortness of Breath
– Restlessness –Pulse Rate –Breathing Rate –Breathing Rate
skin Color Changes – Cyanotic
Blue
skin color changes –
Pale
(White/Gray)
skin color changes –
Flushed
(Red)
what is noisy breathing?
Crowing
– Wheezing – Gurgling – Snoring
– Stridor
* Harsh, High-Pitched Sound * Upper Airway Obstruction
how can you tell someone is having trouble breathing?
inability to Speak - Short Choppy Sentences
* Retractions / Accessory Muscles
* Shallow / Slow Breathing
* Abdominal Breathing - Using Only the
Diaphragm
* Coughing
* Irregular Rhythm
* Unusual Anatomy – ie: Barrel Chested
* Patient Position - Tripod
What can you apply for emergency care for trouble in breathing
Apply O2,
Alupent
Proventil
Maxair
Ventolin
generic medication names
– Albuterol, Isoetharine, Metaproteranol
trade name medication
– Proventil, Ventolin, Bronkosol, Bronkometer, Alupent, Metaprel
what is a vasodilator?
- Muscles, Liver, Relaxes Uterine Muscles * Releases Insulin
what is a Bronchodilator?
– Relaxes the Smooth Muscles
of the Lungs, Decreasing Airway Resistance * Side Effects
– Increased Pulse Rate – Nervousness
– Tremors
What does CPAP stand for?
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
What does CPAP do?
– Most Common Non-invasive Positive Pressure
Ventilation
– Prevent Alveoli From Collapsing
– Pushes Fluid Out of Alveoli
– Uses
* Asthma
* PulmonaryEdema * COPD
* Drowning
Contradictions of cpap?
Depressed Mental Status
– Respiratory Arrest
– Unable to Sit Up
– Hypotension
– Unable to Seal Mask
when not to use cpap?
patient is Claustrophobic
– Patient Can’t Tolerate Mask
– History of Inability to Use CP AP – Copious Secretions / Suctioning – History of Pulmonary Fibrosis
what is hypotension?
- Minimum Systolic BP of 90 mmHg – Weak Lung Tissue Damage
- Pneumothorax
– Vomiting Could Lead to Aspiration – Drying of the Eyes
what are some cpap devices?
oxygen powered
battery powere
venturi principle
NO AIRWAY + NO O2 = DEATH !
NO AIRWAY + NO O2 = DEATH !
what is a re-assessment strategy?
– Monitor Vital Signs
– On-Going Assessment
– Respiratory Patients Can Deteriorate Rapidly
