First Nations, Inuit & Metis Health Flashcards
List the components of a diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome
- history of prenatal alcohol consumption
- poor infant growth (pre and post natal growth deficiency)
- characteristic facial features (short palpebral fissures, increased intercanthal distance, flattened face with short nose, absent/hypoplastic filtrum, bow-shaped mouth with thin upper lip)
- neurological abnormalities (microcephaly, deficiencies in intelligence, activity, attention, learning, memory, language, motor abilities, behaviour)
List the aims of management of FAS
- Prevention
- Identify at-risk drinker
- Identify at-risk infant
- Start intervention ASAP
- Make a more precise and definitive diagnosis
List characteristic behavioural manifestations of FAS
- hyperactivity
- poor judgement
- inability to appreciate consequences of actions
- excessive friendliness
- difficulties with sequencing
- poor short term memory
- learning difficulties
List the conditions to which Vitamin D Deficiency has been linked.
- Osteoporosis
- Ricket’s
- Asthma
- Autoimmune diseases
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Multiple sclerosis
- IBD
- Diabetes
- Resistance to TB
Explain the difference between Vitamin D3, D2, 25(OH)vitamin D and 1,25(OH)vitamin D
- D3: produced in skin of animals
- D2: produced by plants
- 25(OH)D: first product hydroxylated in the liver, inactive but stable form of Vit D, used to define vitamin D status
- 1,25(OH)D: second product hydroxylated in kidney, active form but unstable
What lab abnormalities would be seen in Vitamin d deficiency?
- hypocalcemia
- increased PTH
- increased ALP
- decreased PO4
What factors influence exposure to sunlight and thus vitamin D metabolism?
- latitude
- skin pigmentation
- clothing
- use of sunscreen
What are the Vitamin D recommendations for infants, pregnant women, children
- Infants (
What levels of Vitamin D are optimal?
- 25(OH)D should be between 75-150 nmol/L
List the requirements for a diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- History of maternal EtOH exposure in utero
- Prenatal or postnatal growth restrictions
- Characteristic facial features (short palpebral fissures, long, flat filtrim, thin upper lip, mid face hypoplasia)
- CNS involvement (neurobehavioral abnormalities, LD, cognitive dysfunction, brain malformations)
List examples of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention for FAS
- Primary: informing public of dangers associated with drinking during pregnancy
- Secondary: identifying at risk pregnant women for early intervention
- Tertiary: prevent recurrence, try to lessen cognitive/behavioural/social impact of FAS/FAE
In which groups is inhalant use more common?
- school dropouts
- history of physical or sexual abuse
- history of neglect
- incarcerated youth
- homeless youth
- Aboriginal yout
What is the leading cause of death among inhalant abuses>
- sudden sniffing death syndrome
- due to cardiac arrhthmia
- also associated with high risk behaviours (drowning, falls, burns, hypothermia, aspiration, suffocation) while feeling disinhibited
List the longterm sequelae of inhalant abuse
- damage of myelin and neuronal membranes by lipophilic chemicals
- cortical atrophy
- brainstem dysfunction
- cognitive deficits
- motor and sensory deficits
- cardiomyopathy
- distal renal tubular acidosis
- hepatitis
- immune impairment
- bone marrow toxicity
- Signs: irritability, nystagmus, tremor, ataxia, slurred speech, decreased visual acuity, deafness, odour on breath, stains/paint/glitter or odour on skin or clothing
