First Long Exam

Question 1

Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 2

The man who worked on Classical Conditioning through the use of the Bell as a Conditioned Stimulus and a Dog as the test subject.

Question 3

A response to a stimulus similar to the original Conditioned Stimulus.

Answer 3

Stimulus Generalization

Question 4

Occurs when an organism learns to respond to different stimuli in different ways.

Answer 4

Stimulus Discrimination

Question 5

What is Extinction?

Answer 5

When something which is conditioned/learned(CS) is unlearned by the removal of the Uncontrolled Stimulus.

Question 6

The reappearance of a previously extinguished CR

Answer 6

Spontaneous Recovery

Question 7

Higher-order Conditioning

Answer 7

A strong Conditioned Stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

Question 8

John B. Watson

Answer 8

Little Albert experiment on the conditioning of Albert to be scared of mice.

Question 9

Learning to make voluntary responses through the effects of positive or negative consequences.

Answer 9

Operant Conditioning

Question 10

Edward Thorndike

Answer 10

Developed the law of effect (pleasure is rewarded, and will be repeated; unpleasurable is not, and will not be repeated)

Question 11

B.F. Skinner

Answer 11

Skinners Box (Rat in the box to push down a bar to get food), where he studied Operant Conditioning

Question 12

Any event or stimulus, that when following a response, increases the probability that a behavior/response will occur again.

Answer 12

Reinforcement

Question 13

What is Positive Reinforcement? Negative Reinforcement?

Answer 13

1) Addition or experience of a stimulus to increase the occurrence of a behavior
2) Removal of a stimulus to decrease the occurrence of a behavior

Question 14

A type of reinforcement where every response is reinforced.

Answer 14

Continuous Reinforcement

Question 15

A type of reinforcement where some instances of the response are reinforced, while some are not.

Answer 15

Intermittent Reinforcement

Question 16

Four types of Intermittent Reinforcement

Answer 16

Fixed and Variable Interval, and Fixed and Variable Ratio

Question 17

Any event or stimulus that, when following a response, decreases the probability that the response will occur again.

Answer 17

Punishment

Question 18

Small steps toward some ultimate goal are reinforced until the goal is reached

Answer 18

Shaping

Question 19

Reinforcing each step in a sequence of behaviors

Answer 19

Chaining

Question 20

Genetically determined behavior and not under the influence of learning

Answer 20

Instinctual Behavior

Question 21

Tendency to revert to genetically controlled patterns of behavior

Answer 21

Instinctive Drift

Question 22

Application of operant conditioning to bring about changes in behavior

Answer 22

Behavior Modification

Question 23

Learning of a new behavior through the watching the actions of a model

Answer 23

Observational Learning

Question 24

An active system that receives info from senses, puts it to a usable form, organizes it as it stores it away, and retrieves that information from the storage.

Answer 24

Memory

Question 25

Three Processes of Memory

Answer 25

Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

Question 26

Models of Memory

Answer 26

Information-Processing Model, Paralleled Distribution Processing Model, Levels of Processing Model

Question 27

First Stage of Memory in Info Processing Model

Answer 27

Sensory

Question 28

Two parts of Storage Memory

Answer 28

Iconic (Visual) and Echoic (Auditory)

Question 29

William James

Answer 29

Functionalism

Question 30

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 30

Classical Conditioning

Question 31

Sigmund Freud

Answer 31

Emotion and MOtivation, Also Psychoanalysis

Question 32

Titchener

Answer 32

Structuralism (Every experience can be broken down)

Question 33

Wundt

Answer 33

First Psych Lab and researcher of the human mind

Question 34

CLASSICAL PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCH

Answer 34

PBBHCSE

Question 35

DATA GATHERING METHODS

Answer 35

C2LENS

Question 36

Why is Psych a Science

Answer 36

it has Systematic Empiricism (5 senses to gather data), Info is open to public, and has solvable problems