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Psych 101 (Bea Torre) > First Long Exam > Flashcards

First Long Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.

A

Learning

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2
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

The man who worked on Classical Conditioning through the use of the Bell as a Conditioned Stimulus and a Dog as the test subject.

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3
Q

A response to a stimulus similar to the original Conditioned Stimulus.

A

Stimulus Generalization

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4
Q

Occurs when an organism learns to respond to different stimuli in different ways.

A

Stimulus Discrimination

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5
Q

What is Extinction?

A

When something which is conditioned/learned(CS) is unlearned by the removal of the Uncontrolled Stimulus.

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6
Q

The reappearance of a previously extinguished CR

A

Spontaneous Recovery

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7
Q

Higher-order Conditioning

A

A strong Conditioned Stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

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8
Q

John B. Watson

A

Little Albert experiment on the conditioning of Albert to be scared of mice.

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9
Q

Learning to make voluntary responses through the effects of positive or negative consequences.

A

Operant Conditioning

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10
Q

Edward Thorndike

A

Developed the law of effect (pleasure is rewarded, and will be repeated; unpleasurable is not, and will not be repeated)

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11
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

Skinners Box (Rat in the box to push down a bar to get food), where he studied Operant Conditioning

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12
Q

Any event or stimulus, that when following a response, increases the probability that a behavior/response will occur again.

A

Reinforcement

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13
Q

What is Positive Reinforcement? Negative Reinforcement?

A

1) Addition or experience of a stimulus to increase the occurrence of a behavior
2) Removal of a stimulus to decrease the occurrence of a behavior

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14
Q

A type of reinforcement where every response is reinforced.

A

Continuous Reinforcement

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15
Q

A type of reinforcement where some instances of the response are reinforced, while some are not.

A

Intermittent Reinforcement

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16
Q

Four types of Intermittent Reinforcement

A

Fixed and Variable Interval, and Fixed and Variable Ratio

17
Q

Any event or stimulus that, when following a response, decreases the probability that the response will occur again.

A

Punishment

18
Q

Small steps toward some ultimate goal are reinforced until the goal is reached

A

Shaping

19
Q

Reinforcing each step in a sequence of behaviors

A

Chaining

20
Q

Genetically determined behavior and not under the influence of learning

A

Instinctual Behavior

21
Q

Tendency to revert to genetically controlled patterns of behavior

A

Instinctive Drift

22
Q

Application of operant conditioning to bring about changes in behavior

A

Behavior Modification

23
Q

Learning of a new behavior through the watching the actions of a model

A

Observational Learning

24
Q

An active system that receives info from senses, puts it to a usable form, organizes it as it stores it away, and retrieves that information from the storage.

A

Memory

25
Q

Three Processes of Memory

A

Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

26
Q

Models of Memory

A

Information-Processing Model, Paralleled Distribution Processing Model, Levels of Processing Model

27
Q

First Stage of Memory in Info Processing Model

A

Sensory

28
Q

Two parts of Storage Memory

A

Iconic (Visual) and Echoic (Auditory)

29
Q

William James

A

Functionalism

30
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Classical Conditioning

31
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Emotion and MOtivation, Also Psychoanalysis

32
Q

Titchener

A

Structuralism (Every experience can be broken down)

33
Q

Wundt

A

First Psych Lab and researcher of the human mind

34
Q

CLASSICAL PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCH

A

PBBHCSE

35
Q

DATA GATHERING METHODS

A

C2LENS

36
Q

Why is Psych a Science

A

it has Systematic Empiricism (5 senses to gather data), Info is open to public, and has solvable problems

Psych 101 (Bea Torre) (2 decks)

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