First Half of Course Flashcards
Define Health Promotion
Empowering people to increase control over, and improve their health; emphasizes achieving health equity
What are the 5 health promotion strategies of The Ottawa Charter, 1986?
- Building healthy public policies
- Create Supportive Environments
- Strengthen Community Action
- Develop Personal Skills
- Reorient Health Care (BLACK CATS SMELL DEAD RATS)
Define equality
SAMENESS, it promotes fairness and justice by giving everyone the same thing.
Define equity
FAIRNESS, it’s about making sure people get access to the same opportunities
Define Primary Care
is the first point of access to the health care system and is medical care (missing holistic approach to care)
- Focus on acute care and treatment rather than prevention
- Current funding systems favor this model, costly system
Define Primary Health Care
alternative/holistic approach focusing on health promotion and prevention rather than only illness treatment (includes primary care)
What are the 5 principles of PHC (Primary Health Care)?
a. Accessibility
b. Public Participation
c. Health Promotion
d. Appropriate Technology
e. Inter-sectorial Cooperation
Define Social Determinants of Health
The economic and social conditions that influence the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions
Define Social Determinants of Health
The economic and social conditions that influence the health of individuals (communities, and jurisdictions)
Which SDoH are important to know for the exam?
Income & Income Distribution, Education, Unemployment & Job Security, Employment & Working Conditions, Early Childhood Development, Food insecurity, Housing, Social Inclusion/Exclusion, Geography
What is the most influence SDoH?
Income and Income Distribution
What has been proven to be one of the best predictors of better overall health of a society?
equal income distribution
What are the overarching recommendations from the WHO Commission 2008 Final Report? (Closing the gap in a generation)
- Improve Daily Living Conditions
- Tackle the Inequitable Distribution of Power, Money, and Resources
- Measure and Understand the Problem and Access the Impact of Action
Define Health Literacy
the ability to access, understand, evaluate and communicate information as a way to promote, maintain, and improve health in a variety of settings across the life-course
Define Social Safety Net
non-contributory assistance existing to improve lives of vulnerable families and individuals experiencing poverty and destitution
Define Colonialism
a policy (or set of policies and practices) where a political power from one territory exerts control in a different territory. It involves unequal power relations
Advocacy requires that nurses have what characteristics?
Courage, Integrity, Self-efficacy
What does Advocacy involve?
engaging others, exercising voice, and mobilizing evidence to influence policy and practice.
Define Social Justice
as equity in society means the equitable, or fair, distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities, and their consequences
What three forms does Racism take?
- Institutional Racism – embedded in institutions such as health care and education, also government inaction
- Personally-mediated racism – is prejudice and discrimination
- Internalized racism – those who are stigmatized accept these messages about their abilities and lack of worth
Define Microagressions
the everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership
Define Systemic Racism
when institutions or systems create or maintain racial inequity often because of hidden institutional biases in policies, practices, and procedures that privilege some groups and disadvantage others.
What is the most important strategy we can use to act on the SDoH?
Advocating for healthy public policies
True or False: All three levels of government (federal, provincial, municipal) may be involved in developing and implementing healthy public policy
True
Define Neoliberalism
a policy model that encompasses both politics and economics and seeks to transfer the control of economic factors from the public sector to the private sector; in favour of privatization
Define Hegemony
the dominance of one group over another;
In Canadian history context: the attempt on the part of the dominant society to assimilate Aboriginal peoples
Define Counter Hegemony
Conscious awareness of the existing power relations that maintain the status quo and the actions of challenging and changing the existing structures to achieve a new reality
What does the policy of neoliberalism typically support?
fiscal austerity, deregulation, free trade, privatization, and a reduction in government spending
Define Global Warming
one measure of climate change, and is a rise in the average global temperature
Define Environmental Racism
disproportionate burden of environmental hazards placed on people of colour
According to the Ottawa Charter, what are the pre-requisites for health?
Peace, Shelter, Education, Food, Income, Stable Ecosystem, Sustainable resources, Social Justice, Equity
Define Health Literacy
the ability to access, understand, evaluate and communicate information as a way to promote, maintain and improve health in a variety of settings across the life-course
Define Race
a socially constructed category used to classify humankind according to common ancestry and reliant on differentiation by physical characteristics such as colour of skin, hair, stature and facial characteristics
What does “public policy” refer to?
action(s) taken by government to address a problem or interrelated set of problems
What does “healthy public policy” refer to?
public policies, typically outside the formal healthcare sector, which have an impact on individual or population health
What was the “Big Idea” for the class on Environmental Health (week 6)?
Public health and the health of the planet are closely interrelated
What populations are of the greatest risk as a result of poor environment health?
Women, Children, Elderly, Poor
