First Half of Course

Question 1

Define Health Promotion

Answer 1

Empowering people to increase control over, and improve their health; emphasizes achieving health equity

Question 2

What are the 5 health promotion strategies of The Ottawa Charter, 1986?

Answer 2

1. Building healthy public policies
2. Create Supportive Environments
3. Strengthen Community Action
4. Develop Personal Skills
5. Reorient Health Care (BLACK CATS SMELL DEAD RATS)

Question 3

Define equality

Answer 3

SAMENESS, it promotes fairness and justice by giving everyone the same thing.

Question 4

Define equity

Answer 4

FAIRNESS, it’s about making sure people get access to the same opportunities

Question 5

Define Primary Care

Answer 5

is the first point of access to the health care system and is medical care (missing holistic approach to care)

• Focus on acute care and treatment rather than prevention
• Current funding systems favor this model, costly system

Question 6

Define Primary Health Care

Answer 6

alternative/holistic approach focusing on health promotion and prevention rather than only illness treatment (includes primary care)

Question 7

What are the 5 principles of PHC (Primary Health Care)?

Answer 7

a. Accessibility
b. Public Participation
c. Health Promotion
d. Appropriate Technology
e. Inter-sectorial Cooperation

Question 8

Define Social Determinants of Health

Answer 8

The economic and social conditions that influence the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions

Question 9

Define Social Determinants of Health

Answer 9

The economic and social conditions that influence the health of individuals (communities, and jurisdictions)

Question 10

Which SDoH are important to know for the exam?

Answer 10

Income & Income Distribution, Education, Unemployment & Job Security, Employment & Working Conditions, Early Childhood Development, Food insecurity, Housing, Social Inclusion/Exclusion, Geography

Question 11

What is the most influence SDoH?

Answer 11

Income and Income Distribution

Question 12

What has been proven to be one of the best predictors of better overall health of a society?

Answer 12

equal income distribution

Question 13

What are the overarching recommendations from the WHO Commission 2008 Final Report? (Closing the gap in a generation)

Answer 13

1. Improve Daily Living Conditions
2. Tackle the Inequitable Distribution of Power, Money, and Resources
3. Measure and Understand the Problem and Access the Impact of Action

Question 14

Define Health Literacy

Answer 14

the ability to access, understand, evaluate and communicate information as a way to promote, maintain, and improve health in a variety of settings across the life-course

Question 15

Define Social Safety Net

Answer 15

non-contributory assistance existing to improve lives of vulnerable families and individuals experiencing poverty and destitution

Question 16

Define Colonialism

Answer 16

a policy (or set of policies and practices) where a political power from one territory exerts control in a different territory. It involves unequal power relations

Question 17

Advocacy requires that nurses have what characteristics?

Answer 17

Courage, Integrity, Self-efficacy

Question 18

What does Advocacy involve?

Answer 18

engaging others, exercising voice, and mobilizing evidence to influence policy and practice.

Question 19

Define Social Justice

Answer 19

as equity in society means the equitable, or fair, distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities, and their consequences

Question 20

What three forms does Racism take?

Answer 20

1. Institutional Racism – embedded in institutions such as health care and education, also government inaction
2. Personally-mediated racism – is prejudice and discrimination
3. Internalized racism – those who are stigmatized accept these messages about their abilities and lack of worth

Question 21

Define Microagressions

Answer 21

the everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership

Question 22

Define Systemic Racism

Answer 22

when institutions or systems create or maintain racial inequity often because of hidden institutional biases in policies, practices, and procedures that privilege some groups and disadvantage others.

Question 23

What is the most important strategy we can use to act on the SDoH?

Answer 23

Advocating for healthy public policies

Question 24

True or False: All three levels of government (federal, provincial, municipal) may be involved in developing and implementing healthy public policy

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Define Neoliberalism

Answer 25

a policy model that encompasses both politics and economics and seeks to transfer the control of economic factors from the public sector to the private sector; in favour of privatization

Question 26

Define Hegemony

Answer 26

the dominance of one group over another;

In Canadian history context: the attempt on the part of the dominant society to assimilate Aboriginal peoples

Question 27

Define Counter Hegemony

Answer 27

Conscious awareness of the existing power relations that maintain the status quo and the actions of challenging and changing the existing structures to achieve a new reality

Question 28

What does the policy of neoliberalism typically support?

Answer 28

fiscal austerity, deregulation, free trade, privatization, and a reduction in government spending

Question 29

Define Global Warming

Answer 29

one measure of climate change, and is a rise in the average global temperature

Question 30

Define Environmental Racism

Answer 30

disproportionate burden of environmental hazards placed on people of colour

Question 31

According to the Ottawa Charter, what are the pre-requisites for health?

Answer 31

Peace, Shelter, Education, Food, Income, Stable Ecosystem, Sustainable resources, Social Justice, Equity

Question 32

Define Health Literacy

Answer 32

the ability to access, understand, evaluate and communicate information as a way to promote, maintain and improve health in a variety of settings across the life-course

Question 33

Define Race

Answer 33

a socially constructed category used to classify humankind according to common ancestry and reliant on differentiation by physical characteristics such as colour of skin, hair, stature and facial characteristics

Question 34

What does “public policy” refer to?

Answer 34

action(s) taken by government to address a problem or interrelated set of problems

Question 35

What does “healthy public policy” refer to?

Answer 35

public policies, typically outside the formal healthcare sector, which have an impact on individual or population health

Question 36

What was the “Big Idea” for the class on Environmental Health (week 6)?

Answer 36

Public health and the health of the planet are closely interrelated

Question 37

What populations are of the greatest risk as a result of poor environment health?

Answer 37

Women, Children, Elderly, Poor