First Grading Flashcards by Galanza Jennifer J.

required for preparation of any primary standard.

Analytical balances

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Single pan enclosed by sliding transparent doors.

Analytical balances

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Uses an electromagnetic force to
counterbalance the weighed sample’s sample.

Electronic balances

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Consists of a head or rotor, carriers, or shields that are attached to the vertical shaft of a motor or air compressor and enclosed in a metal covering

Clinical centrifuge

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process in which centrifugal force is used to separate solid matter from a liquid suspension; also separate two liquid phases of different densities.

Centrifugation

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RCF in grams=

1.118 x 10-5 x r x (rpm)2 ; or use nomogram

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RPM =

tachometer or strobe light TYPES: 1.

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tubes placed in the cups of the rotor assume a horizontal plane when the rotor is in motion and vertical position when at rest.

Horizontal-head or swinging-bucket centrifuge

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During centrifugation, particles travel in a constant manner along the tube while the tube is at right angle to the shaft of the centrifuge.

Horizontal-head or swinging-bucket centrifug

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Angle-head or fixed angle centrifuge
Tubes are held at a fixed angle from

25-40 degrees to the vertical axis of rotation.

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Particles are driven outside and bottom of the tube and the surface of the sediment packs against the side and bottom of the tube and the surface of the sediment is parallel to the shaft of the centrifuge.

Angle-head or fixed angle centrifuge

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High-speed centrifuge; mainly fixed angle rotorsq
requires a refrigerated chamber

Ultracentrifuge

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circulating or noncirculating.

Water bath

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Water bath maintenance

Type II (or Type I)
water

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MEASURING DEVICES: PIPETS

Classification According to Graduations
Graduated or Measuring Pipets
C. “Blow Out”
D. “Between Two Marks”

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Transfer pipets

Volumetric pipets
Ostwald-folin pipet
Pasteur pipet
Automatic pipet

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used to transfer aqueous solutions & non-viscous samples self-draining

Volumetric pipet

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has the greatest degree of accuracy and precision

Volumetric pipet

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read at the lower meniscus

Volumetric pipet

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bulb at the center

Volumetric pipet

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used for biologic fluids having viscosity greater than water; blowout pipet

Ostwald folin

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read on the upper meniscus
bulb is closer to the delivery tip

Ostwald folin

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no calibration mark; used to transfer solutions or biologic fluids without consideration of a specific volume

Pasteur piper

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Graduated or Measuring Pipets

Mohr pipet
Serological pipet

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calibrated between two marks; deliver between their calibration marks

Mohr pipet

- Tip should NOT touch the receiving vessel - self-draining; with smaller orifice

Mohr pipet

graduated down to the tip

Serological pipet

blow-out pipet; with larger orifice

Serological pipet

exact volume is calibrated to fill the volume between two calibration points on the pipet

Between Two Marks

Holds the particular volume but does not dispense the exact volume

To-Contain” (TC)

Requires rinsing calibrated with mercury usually a micropipette - Volumes are expressed in microliter

“To-Contain” (TC)

Delivers the exact volume indicated; Calibrated for the volume delivered fluid is allowed to flow freely with the pipet tip touching the inner wall of receiving vessel

“To-Deliver” (TD)

Safer, less time consuming, precise & convenient

Automatic macropipets or micropipets

Automatic macropipets or micropipets THREE GENERAL TYPES :

Air dispacement Positive displacement Dilutor/dispenser pipet

relies on a piston for suction creation to draw the sample into a disposable tip.

Air-displacement:

operates by moving the piston in the tip or barrel.

Positive displacement

Sample enters directly upon contact without air interference. - NO need to replace delivery tip

Positive displacement

obtain the liquid from a common reservoir and dispense it repeatedly; combines sampling & dispensing functions

Dilutor/Dispenser pipets

CALIBRATION methods

Gravimetric Spectrophotometric

has a round, lower portion with with a flat bottom and a long, thin neck with an etched calibrated line.

Volumetric Flask

For preparation of standards for quantitative procedures.

Volumetric Flask

cylindrical shaped calibrated plastic or glass containers.

Centrifuge Tube

Cuvets

- 13mm x 100mm - Constant light path: 1 cm distance

Cuvets TYPES as to COMPOSITION: Contain acidic solutions

Soft

Cuvets TYPES as to COMPOSITION: Alkaline solutions

Hard

TYPES as to WAVELENGTH SETTINGS GLASS

wide-range settings (300–700nmor380–700nm)

TYPES as to WAVELENGTH SETTING QUARTZ

short wavelength settings (UVR: below 340 nm)

TYPES as to SHAPE Glass

Round

TYPES as to SHAPE Square

Quartz/plastic

transfer of smaller volumes (<500ul) in blood gas analyis or separation techniques (chromatography, electrophoresis).

SYRINGES

SPECIAL GLASSWARES:

Colored and Opal Glasses Coated Glass Optical Glass Glass Ceramics Radiation-Absorbing Glass

has a thin, metallic oxide permanently fire-bonded to its surface; can conduct electricity

Coated Glass

has metallic oxides; used for filters and light bulbs

Colored and Opal Glasses

made of soda lime, lead and borosilicate

Optical Glass

has a high optical activity; prisms, lenses and optical mirrors

Optical Glass

with high thermal resistance, chemical stability and corrosion resistance

Glass Ceramics

Glass Ceramics are used for

hot plates, table tops and heat exchangers

made of soda lime and lead

Radiation-Absorbing Glass

Clear and rigid; not autoclavable

POLYSTYRENE (PS)

Used for disposable wares

POLYSTYRENE (PS) Polyethylene

Not recommended for use with acids, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, hydrocarbons or essential oils.

POLYSTYRENE (PS)

Chemically resistant to most substances except for aldehydes, amines, ethers, hydrocarbons and essential oils

POLYETHYLENE

translucent and flexible; not autoclavable

Conventional Polyethylene (CPE):

Translucent and rigid; autoclavable;

POLYPROPYLENE (PP)

Has the same chemical resistant as polyethylene

POLYPROPYLENE (PP)

Used for screw-cap closures

POLYPROPYLENE (PP)

Resin that has excellent chemical resistance to almost all chemicals in the lab.

Teflon

Clear, translucent and flexible; autoclavable

TEFLON

Used for stopcocks, wash bottles and tubings

Teflon

Translucent and flexible; autoclavable

Tygon

used for tubings

TYGON

Very susceptible to damage by most chemicals.

POLYCARBONATE (PC)

Resistant to water, aqueous salts and inorganic acids for a long period.

POLYCARBONATE (PC)

Very clear and rigid; autoclavable

POLYCARBONATE (PC

Used for most bottles and tubings

POLYVINYL chloride (PVC)

Used for carboys, test tube racks

POLYCARBONATE (PC)

First Grading Flashcards

(76 cards)