First Grade Concepts

Question 1

What is an adjective

Answer 1

a word or phrase naming an attribute, added to a noun to describe it.

Question 2

What is a Noun?

Answer 2

Person, Animal, Place, Thing

Question 3

What is a Consonant blend and example

Answer 3

two or three consonants adjacent to each other (not separated by a vowel) with each consonant representing a different speech sound (phoneme). They still have a distinct sound, just blended together.

ST in “stop”

Question 4

What is a diagraph

Answer 4

Two letters combined to make a single sound in written or spoken English. Can have consonants and vowels. (not to be confused with a blend - two distinct sounds blended together)

Example sh in “She” or “ch in “chair”

Question 5

What is an r-control vowel

Answer 5

An r-controlled vowel is any vowel followed by an r. Also called a bossy r, becuse the r takes over and makes the vowel make a new sound.

Word car (or), fork (or), large (ar)

Question 6

What is a diphthong

Answer 6

two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.

Hound - In “hound,” which is one syllable, the vowel sound starts with a

Question 7

What are the four types of sentances?

Answer 7

• Statements (.)
• Questions (?)
• Exclamations (!)
• Commands (Go to your room)

Question 8

What is a common noun

Answer 8

a noun denoting a class of objects or a concept as opposed to a particular individual.

bug, pen, apple

Question 9

What is a proper noun

Answer 9

A name used for an individual person, place, or organization, spelled with initial capital letters, e.g., Larry, Mexico, and Boston Red Sox.

capitalized,

Question 10

When do you use regular plurals

Answer 10

If a word ends in –s, –sh, –ch, –x, or –z, you add –es. For almost all other nouns, add –s to pluralize.

Question 11

What is an Irregular Plural Noun

Answer 11

Irregular plural nouns are nouns that do not become plural by adding -s or -es. For example, the plural form of man is men, not mans. The plural form of foot is feet. There are also irregular nouns that don’t change like fish, deer.

The most common irregular plurals Nouns ending in –f and –fe - o

Question 12

What is a possessive noun

Answer 12

A possessive noun is the special form of a noun that’s used to indicate ownership (possession). The possessive noun represents the owner (possessor) of something and usually comes right before another noun representing what they own (e.g., “Jeremy’s car”).

Question 13

What is a singular possessive noun

Answer 13

A singular possessive noun refers to one person, place, or thing with ownership or a connection to another element in the sentence. Their possessive form requires the addition of an apostrophe and the letter “s.” Here is an example of a singular possessive noun: “Timmy’s dog is cute.”

Question 14

What is a pronoun

Answer 14

A word that is used instead of a noun (I, she, they etc.)

Question 15

What is a subject pronoun

Answer 15

The subject pronouns include I, he, she, you, it, we, and they.

Question 16

What is an object pronoun

Answer 16

The object pronouns include me, you, him, her, them, us, and it.

Question 17

What are the three parts we break a sentance down into.

Answer 17

1. Subject - who or what the sentance is about.
2. Predicate - (fancy word for verb) the action or state of being the subject is completing.
3. Object - Any noun or concept that is part of this action of the subject

Find the subject, ask what the subject is doing to find the predicate. Then scan and see if there is any object that completes the thought.

The streetlights shine brightly in the moon.
Subject = streetlights
Predicate = shine
Object = the moon

Question 18

What is a compound subject?

Answer 18

A compound subject is a subject with more than one noun or pronoun as the subject of a sentence

If you had a sentance The streetlights and lamps shine brightly in the moon.

Compound subject = streetlights and lamps

Question 19

What is a compound predicate?

Answer 19

A compound predicate is a predicate with two or more verbs or verb phrases connected by a conjunction. It says two or more things about the same singular or compound subject.

If you had a sentance that was The streetlights shined and flickered brightly in the moon.

Compoud predicate = shined and flickered.

Question 20

Give an example where more than one object is in the sentance.

Answer 20

The girl threw the ball to the short stop.
Subject = The girl
Predicate = Threw
Object 1 = The ball, Object 2 = shortstop

Question 21

How are subject and object pronouns used?

Answer 21

A subject pronoun indicates who or what the sentence is about. An object pronoun is used to indicate what receives the action in a sentence

Question 22

Subject Verb Agreement Rules

Answer 22

Some sentences are about one person or thing. In that case add an s to the verb.

She walks the dog.
It rolls under the bed.

Some sentences are about more than one person or thing. In that case do NOT add an s to the verb.

They make dinner.
We love ice cream.

Some sentences are about You or I. In those sentences to not add an s to the verb.

You eat and apple.
I need some help.

Question 23

Past tense verbs usually end in?

Answer 23

Some verbs tell about something that has already happened. They usually end in -ed. ex: We walked to my house yesterday.

Question 24

Present tense verbs end in?

Answer 24

Some verbs tell about something happening now. These verbs tell about the present.

They usually have no ending or end in S.

We walk to school today.
The parade starts now.

Question 25

Future tense verb word is?

Answer 25

Some verbs tell about something that is going to happen. These verbs tell about the future.

They use the word will

The test will start soon.

Question 26

What is an example of an irregular past tense

Answer 26

Went (not wented)
Took
Found
Heard
Ate
Sat
Flew
Hid
Made
Got
Saw
Came
Said
Gave
Went
Was
Were

The pony ran out of the barn (RAN is an irregular past tense)

Question 27

Identify the rules for the correct present tense form with singular nouns, plural nouns and you, and I

When do you use IS
When do you use ARE
When do you use AM

Answer 27

Use IS if the sentance is about one person, animal, place or thing.

• Joe IS funny.
• It IS red.

Use ARE if the sentance is about more than on persona, animal, place or thing.

Use ARE if the sentance is about you.

• Kathy and Joe ARE tall.
• We ARE at the hotel.
• You ARE funny.,

Use AM if the sentace is about I
* I am here.

Question 28

Identify the rules for the correct past tense form with singular nouns, plural nouns and you.

Was
Were

Answer 28

Use was if the sentance is about a singular noun

Use were if the sentance is about a plural noun.

Use were if the sentance is about you.

Question 29

What is an article? Give an example.

Answer 29

In English there are three articles: a, an, and the. Articles are used before nouns or noun equivalents and are a type of adjective. The definite article (the) is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader.

Question 30

When do you use each type of article?

Answer 30

A, an, the

Use a before a word that starts with a consonant
“That was a great day”

Use an before a word that starts with a vowel

“That was an easy test”

Question 31

When do you use the article the, instead of a or an?

Answer 31

The is used to refer to specific or particular nouns; a/an is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns.

Sometimes “a” or “an” can be used for first mention (the first time the noun is mentioned). Then, in subsequent sentences, the article “the” is used instead.

The can be used when the noun is known to the reader.

Question 32

Adjectives describe what kind or how ——-?

Answer 32

What kind? Sticky, big, small, round

How Many? One,two, three

Question 33

What is a comparative adjective?

Answer 33

Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify (larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared, in this pattern: Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object).

Question 34

What is a superlative adjective?

Answer 34

Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a group of objects.

Question 35

What is a preposition?

Answer 35

a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “the man on the platform,” “she arrived after dinner,” “what did you do it for ?”.
“using a preposition at the end of a sentence in everyday speech is common”

Between
Beside
Inside
Next to
By
Above
Below
On
In
Outside
Under
In front of

Question 36

Give two examples of conjunctions

Answer 36

And
Or
But
So

The baby is sleeping so we played outside

Question 37

What is a conjunction?

Answer 37

a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g. and, but, if ).

Question 38

What is a clause?

Answer 38

a unit of grammatical organization next below the sentence in rank and in traditional grammar said to consist of a subject and predicate.
“the missing verb in the second clause is understood to be the same verb as in the first clause”

Question 39

What are contractions? Give an example?

Answer 39

Contractions are a way to mash together two words in order to make them shorter. They also are a way to make your writing seem more conversational and have the reader feel included in the writing.

Will not - won’t
He will - he’ll
I will - I’ll
Is not - isn’t
Do not - don’t
Were not - weren’t
I am - I’m
Was not - wasn’t
He is - he’s
They will- they’ll
Are not- aren’t