First Fleet and Convicts

Question 1

What did the English Admiralty send on its way in August 1768?

Answer 1

Endeavour expedition, led by Captain James Cook

Question 2

Who accompanied Cook on his journey?

Answer 2

Botanist Joseph Banks

Question 3

When did the Endeavour return to England?

Answer 3

13 July 1771

Question 4

By 1780, how much was Britain spending annually importing flax from Russia?

Answer 4

Half a million pounds

Question 5

What did the loss of the American War of Independence mean?

Answer 5

Britain could no longer send convicts to American colonies

Question 6

Who was the captain of the first fleet?

Answer 6

Arthur Philip

Question 7

When and where did the first fleet depart and arrive?

Answer 7

13th May 1787, Portsmouth to 18th January 1788, Botany Bay

Question 8

What did Arthur Philip realise upon arriving in Botany Bay?

Answer 8

Botany Bay was unsatisfactory so he relocated to Port Jackson

Question 9

What had occurred by 26 January 1788?

Answer 9

All the ships in the fleet had arrived in Sydney Cove

Question 10

What was the order of convicts, from worst behaved to best behaved?

Answer 10

Secondary punishment convicts, government service convicts, assignees, ticket of leave convicts, expirees and pardoned convicts

Question 11

Who were the first five governors of NSW in chronological order?

Answer 11

Arthur Philip, John Hunter, Phillip King, William Bligh and Lachlan Macquarie

Question 12

What were the dates of Philip and Macquarie’s reigns?

Answer 12

Philip: 7th February 1788- 10th December 1792
Macquarie: 1st January 1810- 1st December 1821

Question 13

What does the term terra nulls refer to?

Answer 13

Land that is vacant and does not belong to anybody

Question 14

What was the official instruction given to Arthur Philip regarding relations with the native population?

Answer 14

To establish friendly relations with Aboriginal people

Question 15

What was the worst thing about white settlement for aboriginal people?

Answer 15

The burning and taking away of land, because the native people believed that land was not owned and everything natural was all part of one relationship

Question 16

How did Europeans justify their violent treatment of aboriginal people?

Answer 16

They were depicted as subhuman and wretched and that they could be taught nothing

Question 17

How did aboriginal people resist European settlement?

Answer 17

By stealing sheep, plundering houses, killing cattle and in extreme cases murdering white settlers

Question 18

What are the key terms in the definition of genocide?

Answer 18

Direct mass murder by order, measures taken to prevent births and forcing groups of people to live in conditions that may cause liquidation

Question 19

Who was Bligh’s chief enemy leading up to the Rum Rebellion?

Answer 19

John McArthur

Question 20

What was a pardoned convict known as?

Answer 20

An emancipist

Question 21

What was a convict who had served their full term known as?

Answer 21

An expiree

Question 22

What was a convict who had permission to work for a free settler for wages known as?

Answer 22

Ticket of Leave Convict

Question 23

When was William Bligh arrested?

Answer 23

26 January 1808

Question 24

Who was the chief magistrate at the time of the Rum Rebellion?

Answer 24

Thomas Atkins

Question 25

Who was the leader of the NSW corps during the Rum Rebellion?

Answer 25

George Johnston

Question 26

When did Britain lose America as a colony?

Answer 26

1776

Question 27

When was the Rum Rebellion?

Answer 27

1808

Question 28

When was the end of convict transportation?

Answer 28

1868

Question 29

Who was sent to NSW to review the work of Governor Macquarie?

Answer 29

John BIgge