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Expe Psych > First discussion > Flashcards

First discussion Flashcards

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1
Q

“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”

A

Gestalt Psychology

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2
Q

we perceive objects which are close to one another as a group and are considered as one of many huge influences in counseling psychology

A

Proximity

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3
Q

Involves the concept of perception, as it refers to the truth of a person, but it does not mean it is the absolute truth

A

Selective Attention

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4
Q

asserted that humans display and repeat behaviors of evolutionary ancestors during development.

A

Recapitulation Theory

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5
Q
  • Proponent of Recapitulation Theory
  • one of wundt’s students and formed a psychological laboratory in John Hopkins University
A

Granville Stanley Hall

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6
Q
  • People working less hard in groups
  • individuals exert less effort to meet a goal when working in a group than they do when working individually.
A

Social Loafing

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7
Q

Possible reason for social loafing

A

Diffusion of Responsibility

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8
Q

individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim in the presence of other people.

A

Bystander Effect

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9
Q

The goal of Experimental Psychology is to _____

A

identify what and why people act the way they do

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10
Q

Explanation behind Serial Killer’s Mind

A
  • Socio-cognitive
  • Bio-psychological
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11
Q

Principles of Belief and Validity

A
  • Authority
  • Tenacity
  • A priori method
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12
Q
A
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13
Q

relies on credentials and credibility of sources to establish belief

A

authority

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14
Q
  • act of maintaining a strong belief despite the challenges
  • a person steadfastly refuses to alter acquired knowledge, regardless of evidence to the contrary
A

tenacity

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15
Q

relies on pre-existing bias or intuition without rigorous study

A

a priori method

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16
Q
  • fixes belief on the basis of experience
  • a systematic study that usually emerged from a problem brought upon by curiosity
A

scientific method

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17
Q

based on the assumption that events have causes and that we can discover those causes through controlled observations

A

science

18
Q

scientific method is concerned with:

A
  • empirical data
  • results
  • measurement
  • precision
19
Q

involves observing and recording non-verbal cues, providing tangible evidence crucial for understanding human behavior

A

empirical data

20
Q

represent the outcomes of an experiment, derived from the analysis of empirical data, determining the support or rejection of a hypothesis

A

results

21
Q

involves precise quantification of behaviors, thoughts, or emotions using instruments and methods to ensure accurate data collection

A

measurement

22
Q

refers to the degree of accuracy and consistency in measurements, enhancing reliability and minimizing variability in research

A

precision

23
Q

cornerstone of the scientific method because they make science a self-correcting endeavor

A

empirical, public observations

24
Q
  • organized set of assumptions that explain a certain phenomenon
  • set of related statements that explains a variety of occurrences
A

theory

25
Q

4 important aspects of a theory

A
  • parsimony
  • precision
  • testability
  • ability to fit data
26
Q

simplicity is the best ideal descriptor for a theory

A

parsimony

27
Q

can be measured, quantified, and has exact measurements

A

precision

28
Q

must be tested and falsifiable to be considered as a theory

A

testability

29
Q

must have the capability to utilize and explain a given data

A

ability to fit data

30
Q

used to elicit a certain response to certain exposed stimulus

A

experiments

31
Q

purpose of an experiment

A

to test a hypothesis

32
Q

an educated guess about the relationship between two or more variables

A

hypothesis

33
Q

methods of research

A
  • meta-analysis
  • observational
  • experimental
  • case studies
  • survey
  • interview
  • correlational
  • quasi-experiment
  • longitudinal
  • cross-sectional
  • naturalistic
34
Q

combination of multiple results and studies addressing a similar research hypothesis

A

meta-analysis

35
Q

observing behavior in its natural setting without manipulating behaviors

A

observational / naturalistic observation

36
Q

manipulating one variable (independent) to see its effect on another variable (dependent) while controlling for extraneous variables

A

experimental

37
Q

in-depth study of a single individual or small group to gain detailed insights into a particular phenomenon

A

case studies

38
Q

collecting quantitative data through questionnaires or interviews to measure attitudes, opinions, or behaviors in a large population

A

survey

39
Q

conducting one-on-one conversations with participants to gather in-depth information about their experiences, thoughts and feelings

A

interview

40
Q

similar to a true experiment but lacking random assignment of participants to groups, making it difficult to establish causality

A

quasi-experimental

41
Q

studying the same participants over a period of time to assess changes in variables over time

A

longitudinal

42
Q

comparing different groups of participants at the same point in time to investigate differences in variables

A

cross-sectional

Expe Psych (4 decks)

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