First discussion

Question 1

“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”

Answer 1

Gestalt Psychology

Question 2

we perceive objects which are close to one another as a group and are considered as one of many huge influences in counseling psychology

Answer 2

Proximity

Question 3

Involves the concept of perception, as it refers to the truth of a person, but it does not mean it is the absolute truth

Answer 3

Selective Attention

Question 4

asserted that humans display and repeat behaviors of evolutionary ancestors during development.

Answer 4

Recapitulation Theory

Question 5

• Proponent of Recapitulation Theory
• one of wundt’s students and formed a psychological laboratory in John Hopkins University

Answer 5

Granville Stanley Hall

Question 6

• People working less hard in groups
• individuals exert less effort to meet a goal when working in a group than they do when working individually.

Answer 6

Social Loafing

Question 7

Possible reason for social loafing

Answer 7

Diffusion of Responsibility

Question 8

individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim in the presence of other people.

Answer 8

Bystander Effect

Question 9

The goal of Experimental Psychology is to _____

Answer 9

identify what and why people act the way they do

Question 10

Explanation behind Serial Killer’s Mind

Answer 10

• Socio-cognitive
• Bio-psychological

Question 11

Principles of Belief and Validity

Answer 11

• Authority
• Tenacity
• A priori method

Question 13

relies on credentials and credibility of sources to establish belief

Answer 13

authority

Question 14

• act of maintaining a strong belief despite the challenges
• a person steadfastly refuses to alter acquired knowledge, regardless of evidence to the contrary

Answer 14

tenacity

Question 15

relies on pre-existing bias or intuition without rigorous study

Answer 15

a priori method

Question 16

• fixes belief on the basis of experience
• a systematic study that usually emerged from a problem brought upon by curiosity

Answer 16

scientific method

Question 17

based on the assumption that events have causes and that we can discover those causes through controlled observations

Answer 17

science

Question 18

scientific method is concerned with:

Answer 18

• empirical data
• results
• measurement
• precision

Question 19

involves observing and recording non-verbal cues, providing tangible evidence crucial for understanding human behavior

Answer 19

empirical data

Question 20

represent the outcomes of an experiment, derived from the analysis of empirical data, determining the support or rejection of a hypothesis

Answer 20

results

Question 21

involves precise quantification of behaviors, thoughts, or emotions using instruments and methods to ensure accurate data collection

Answer 21

measurement

Question 22

refers to the degree of accuracy and consistency in measurements, enhancing reliability and minimizing variability in research

Answer 22

precision

Question 23

cornerstone of the scientific method because they make science a self-correcting endeavor

Answer 23

empirical, public observations

Question 24

• organized set of assumptions that explain a certain phenomenon
• set of related statements that explains a variety of occurrences

Answer 24

theory

Question 25

4 important aspects of a theory

Answer 25

- parsimony - precision - testability - ability to fit data

Question 26

**simplicity** is the best ideal descriptor for a theory

Answer 26

parsimony

Question 27

can be measured, quantified, and **has exact measurements**

Answer 27

precision

Question 28

**must be tested and falsifiable** to be considered as a theory

Answer 28

testability

Question 29

must have the capability to **utilize and explain a given data**

Answer 29

ability to fit data

Question 30

used to **elicit a certain response to certain exposed stimulus**

Answer 30

experiments

Question 31

purpose of an experiment

Answer 31

to test a hypothesis

Question 32

an **educated guess** about the relationship between two or more variables

Answer 32

hypothesis

Question 33

methods of research

Answer 33

- meta-analysis - observational - experimental - case studies - survey - interview - correlational - quasi-experiment - longitudinal - cross-sectional - naturalistic

Question 34

**combination of multiple results and studies** addressing a similar research hypothesis

Answer 34

meta-analysis

Question 35

**observing behavior** in its natural setting without manipulating behaviors

Answer 35

observational / naturalistic observation

Question 36

manipulating one variable (independent) to see its effect on another variable (dependent) while controlling for extraneous variables

Answer 36

experimental

Question 37

**in-depth study** of a single individual or small group to gain detailed insights into a particular phenomenon

Answer 37

case studies

Question 38

collecting quantitative data **through questionnaires or interviews** to measure attitudes, opinions, or behaviors in a large population

Answer 38

survey

Question 39

conducting **one-on-one conversations** with participants to gather in-depth information about their experiences, thoughts and feelings

Answer 39

interview

Question 40

similar to a true experiment but **lacking random assignment of participants to groups**, making it difficult to establish causality

Answer 40

quasi-experimental

Question 41

studying the same participants over a period of time to assess changes in variables **over time**

Answer 41

longitudinal

Question 42

comparing **different groups of participants at the same point in time** to investigate differences in variables

Answer 42

cross-sectional