First class

Question 1

What is extracellular matrix (ECM)

Answer 1

Fibrous proteins

glycosaminoglycans

Question 2

What is Kinase

Answer 2

It phosphorylates a substrate

Question 3

What gene is Marfan syndrome caused by

Answer 3

Fibrillin I

Question 4

Common dental symptoms in Marfan

Answer 4

micrognalgia 
High arched palate
Narrow thin face
Severe periodontal disease. No apparent local factor
TMD

Question 5

What does BMP do

Answer 5

promotes osteoblast differentiation

Acceleration of bone formation/healing

Question 6

What is the important of bone

Answer 6

Type I collagen

Question 7

What is the initial of signal transduction

Answer 7

Growth factors-->
Receptors(receptor kinases-->
Signaling molecules-->
Transcription factor-->
Gene regulation/cell response

Question 8

A transcription factor has to be able to

Answer 8

Come into nucleus
Bind to DNA
Turn something on

Question 9

For signal transduction whats important

Answer 9

direct binding (protein-protein interaction)
Protein modifications such as phosphorylation

Question 10

What is phosphorylation

Answer 10

The addition of a phosphate

Question 11

What does Smad 3 use

Answer 11

TGF-beta

Question 12

What is trigered by signal transduction

Answer 12

Cell proliferation
cell cycle
cell differentiation
Cell movement  
Cell death- necrosis, apoptosis 
Cell Clearance- Autophagy

Question 13

How can you tell if cell is diff

Answer 13

Nucleus is at the bottom
is ciliated
Shape

Question 14

What is chemotaxis

Answer 14

cellular movement

Question 15

What is cell death

Answer 15

Necrosis

Apoptosis; Programed, not necessarily associated with inflammation.

Question 16

What is autophagy

Answer 16

self destruction without inflammation

Question 17

Achondropalsia

Answer 17

FGFR3 G380R mutation >95% of the cases in the transmembrane domain
LOW SET EARS
Hypoplastic Maxilla
􏰀Pseudo-mandibular prognathism (appears as mandibular prognathism, but under development of mid facial region) 􏰀Malocclusion
􏰀Crowding of the teeth

Question 18

Crouzon syndrome

Answer 18

􏰀Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR)2 or 3 mutation
􏰀High-arched palate
􏰀Pseudo-mandibular prognathism (appears as mandibular prognathism, but under development of mid facial region) 􏰀Narrow palate
􏰀Crowding of the teeth

Question 19

Apert syndrome

Answer 19

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR)2 mutation
􏰀Narrow/high-arched palate
􏰀Malocclusion (i.e. Considerable permanent under bite ) due to under development of mid facial area

Question 20

how mutations affect FGF signaling

Answer 20

FGFR MUTATION STABILIZES MUT FGFR PROTEIN

Question 21

Information to make protein is coded by

Answer 21

Exons

Different exons are removed to make isoforms

Question 22

Treacher collins syndrome

Answer 22

Limited got zygomatic arches and mandible

Question 23

cleidocranial dysplacia

Answer 23

partial absence of clavicles
Mobility of shoulders
Delayed closure of the anterior fontanelles

Question 24

BCNS

Answer 24

Hedgehog signaling disease

Question 25

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis CIPA

Answer 25

Autosomal recessive disorder