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Rheumatology and Vasculitis > First Aid Vasculitis > Flashcards

First Aid Vasculitis Flashcards

1
Q

large vessel vasculitis

A

Temporal (giant cell) arteritis

Takayasu arteritis

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2
Q

medium vessel vasculitis

A 
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Kawasaki disease
Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)
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3
Q

small vessel vasculitis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)
Microscopic polyangiitis
Churg-Strauss
Henoch-Schonlein purpura

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4
Q

Temporal (giant cell) arteritis presentation

A

unilateral headache (temporal artery), jaw claudication, may lead to irreversible blindness due to ophthalmic artery occlusion, associated with polymyalgia rheumatica

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5
Q

Pathology/lab findings with giant cell arteritis

A

most commonly affects branches of carotid artery
focal granulomatous inflammation
increased ESR

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6
Q

how do you treat giant cell arteritis?

A

high dose corticosteroids prior to temporal artery biopsy to prevent vision loss

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7
Q

Presentation of Takayasu arteritis

A

Asian females less than 40 years old

weak upper extremity pulses, fever, night sweats, arthritis, myalgias, skin nodules, ocular disturbances

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8
Q

Pathology/lab findings with Takayasu arteritis

A

granulomatous thickening and narrowing of aortic arch and proximal great vessels, increased ESR

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9
Q

how do you treat takayasu?

A

corticosteroids

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10
Q

presentation of PAN?

A

hepatitis B seropositivity in 30% of patients
fever, weight loss, malaise, headache, abdominal pain, melena, hypertension, neurologic dysfunction, cutaneous eruptions, renal damage

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11
Q

Pathology/labs with PAN?

A

typically involves renal and visceral vessels not pulmonary arteries
immune complex mediated
transmural inflammation of the arterial wall with fibrinoid necrosis
innumerable microaneurysms and spasm on arteriogram

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12
Q

treatment of PAN

A

corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide

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13
Q

Kawasaki disease presentation

A

Asian children less than 4 years old
fever, cervical lymphadenitis, conjuctival injection, change sin lips/oral mucosa (strawberry tongue), hand-food erythema, desquamating rash

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14
Q

Pathology/labs with kawasaki disease

A

may develop coronary artery aneurysms -> MI, rupture

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15
Q

treatment of kawasaki disease

A

IV immunoglobulins and aspirin

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16
Q

Buerger disease presentation

A

heavy smokers, males less than 40 years old
intermittent claudication may lead to gangrene, autoamputation of digits, superficial nodular phlebitis
raynaud phenomenon is often present

17
Q

treatment of buerger disease

A

smoking cessation

18
Q

presentation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

A

URT: perforation of nasal septum, chronic sinusitis, otitis media, mastoiditis
LRT: hemoptysis, cough, dyspnea
renal: hematuria, red cell casts

19
Q

pathology/labs with granulomatosis with polyangiitis

A

triad: focal necrotizing vasculitis, necrotizing granulomas in the lung and upper airway, necrotizing glomerulonephritis
CXR: large nodular densities

20
Q

antibodies with granulomatosis with polyangiitis

A

PR3-ANCA, c-ANCA

21
Q

treatment of granulomatosis with polyangiitis

A

cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

22
Q

presentation of microscopic polyangiitis

A

necrotizing vasculitis commonly involving lung, kidneys, and skin with pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and palpable purpura (similar to wegeners but w/o nasopharyngela involement)

23
Q

antibodies with microscopic polyangiitis

A

MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA

24
Q

how do you treat microscopic polyangiitis

A

cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids

25
Q

Churg-Strauss presentation

A

asthma, sinusitis, palpable purpura, peripheral neuropathy

can also involve heart, GI kidneys (pauci-immune glomerulonephritis)

26
Q

Churg-Strauss pathology/labs

A

granulomatous, necrotizing vasculitis with eosinophilia

MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA, increased IgE levels

27
Q

Henoch-Schonlein purpura presentation

A

most common childhood vasculitis follows URI
skin: palpable purpura on buttocks/legs
arthralgias
GI: abdominal pain, melena, multiple lesions of same age

28
Q

Henoch-SChonlein purpura pathology/labs

A

vasculitis secondary to IgA complex deposition

associated with IgA nephropathy

Rheumatology and Vasculitis (2 decks)

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