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COMLEX Level 2 CE > First Aid Rapid Review Step 2 CK > Flashcards

First Aid Rapid Review Step 2 CK Flashcards

1
Q

Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria

A

ACE inhibitor

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2
Q

Beck triad for cardiac tamponade

A

Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD

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3
Q

Drugs that slow heart rate

A

B-blockers, CCBs, digoxin, amiodarone

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4
Q

Hypercholesterolemia tx that leads to flushing and pruritus

A

Niacin

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5
Q

A systolic ejection murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that increases with decreased preload (Valsalva maneuver)

A

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

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6
Q

A diastolic, decrescendo, low-pitched blowing murmur that is best heard sitting up; increases with increased afterload (handgrip maneuver)

A

Aortic insufficiency

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7
Q

A systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to the neck; increases with increased preload (squatting maneuver)

A

Aortic stenosis

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8
Q

A holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla; increases with increased afterload (handgrip maneuver)

A

Mitral regurgitation

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9
Q

A diastolic, mid-to late, low-pitched murmur preceded by an opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

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10
Q

An autoimmune reaction with fever, pericarditis, and increased ESR occuring 2-4 weeks post-MI

A

Dressler syndrome

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11
Q

Classic ECG findings in pericarditis

A

Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation and PR depression

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12
Q

Diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism

A

Spiral CT with contrast

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13
Q

Reverses the effects of heparin

A

Protamine

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14
Q

Most common cause of HTN in young women

A

OCPs

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15
Q

Most common cause of HTN in young men

A

Excessive EtOH

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16
Q

Water bottle-shaped heart

A

Pericardial effusion

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17
Q

“Stuck on” waxy appearance

A

Seborrheic keratosis

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18
Q

Red plaques with silverly-white scales and sharp margins

A

Psoriasis

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19
Q

Most common type of skin cancer; lesion is a pearly-colored papule with a translucent surface and telangiectasias

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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20
Q

Honey-crusted lesions

A

Impetigo

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21
Q

+ Nikolsky sign

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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22
Q
  • Nikolsky sign
A

Bullous pemphigoid

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23
Q

A 55 y/o obese patient presents with dirty, velvety patches on the back of the neck

A

Acanthosis nigricans. Chest fasting blood glucose

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24
Q

Dermatomal distribution

A

Varicella zoster

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25
Q

Flat-topped papules

A

Lichen planus

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26
Q

Irislike target lesions

A

Erythema multiforme

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27
Q

Presents with one large patch and many smaller ones in a treelike distribution

A

Pityriasis rosea

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28
Q

A premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can lead to squamous cell carcinoma

A

Actinic keratosis

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29
Q

Flat, often hypopigmented lesions on the chest and back; KOH prep has a spaghetti-and-meatballs appearance

A

Tinea (pityriasis) versicolor

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30
Q

Cradle cap

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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31
Q

Inflammation and epithelial thinning of the anogenital area, predominantly in postmenopausal women

A

Lichen sclerosus

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32
Q

Exophytic nodules on the skin with scaling or ulceration; the second most common type of skin cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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33
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

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34
Q

Exopthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and decreased TSH

A

Graves disease

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35
Q

The most common cause of Cushing syndrome

A

Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration

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36
Q

A patient post-thyroidectomy presents with signs of hypocalcemia and increased phosphorous

A

Hypoparathyroidism (iatrogenic)

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37
Q

Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones

A

Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia

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38
Q

HTN, hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn syndrome or bilat adrenal hyperplasia)

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39
Q

A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, AMS, and a sense of panic

A

Pheochromocytoma

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40
Q

Which should be used first in treating pheochromocytoma?

A

alpha-blockers (phenoxybenzamine)

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41
Q

A patient with a hx of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine

A

Nephrogenic DI

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42
Q

Tx of central DI

A

Administration of DDAVP and free-water restruction

43
Q

A postop pt with significant pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status

A

SIADH due to stress

44
Q

An anti-diabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis

45
Q

A pt presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation. Lab results show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia

A

Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease). Treat with glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids

46
Q

Bone pain, hearing loss, and increased alkaline phosphatase

A

Paget disease

47
Q

Increased IGF-1

A

Acromegaly

48
Q

Galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopia

A

Prolactinoma

49
Q

Increased serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency)

50
Q

Pancreas, pituitary, parathyroid tumors

51
Q

A patient presents with sudden onset of severe, diffuse abdominal pain. Exam reveals peritoneal signs, and abdominal radiograph reveals free air under the diaphragm. Management?

A

Emergent laparotomy to repair a perforated viscus

52
Q

The most likely cause of acute lower GI bleeding in patients > 40 years of age

A

Diverticulosis

53
Q

Diagnostic modality used when US is equivocal for cholecystitis

A

Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan

54
Q

Inspiratory arrest during palpation of the RUQ

A

Murphy sign (seen in acute cholecystitis)

55
Q

The most common cause of SBO in patients with no hx of abdominal surgery

56
Q

The most common cause of SBO in patients with a hx of abdominal surgery

57
Q

Most common bacterial organism causing diarrhea

A

Campylobacter

58
Q

Recent abx use causing diarrhea

A

C. difficile

59
Q

Camping diarrhea

60
Q

Traveler’s diarrhea

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

61
Q

Church picnics/mayonnaise causing diarrhea

62
Q

Uncooked hamburgers diarrhea

A

E. coli O157:H7

63
Q

Fried rice diarrhea

64
Q

Poultry/eggs diarrhea

A

Salmonella

65
Q

Raw seafood diarrhea

A

Vibrio, HAV

66
Q

AIDS diarrhea

A

Isospora, cryptosporidium, MAC

67
Q

Pseudoappendicitis

A

Yersinia, campylobacter

68
Q

A 25 y/o Jewish man presents with pain and watery diarrhea after meals. Exam shows fistulas between the bowel and skin and nodular lesions on his tibias

A

Crohn disease

69
Q

Inflammatory disease of the colon with an increased risk pf colon cancer

A

Ulcerative colitis (greater risk than Crohn)

70
Q

Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD

A

Uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, Primary sclerosing cholangitis

71
Q

Medical tx for IBD

A

5-ASA agents and steroids during acute exacerbations

72
Q

A 30 y/o man with UC presents with fatigue, jaundice and pruritus

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

73
Q

Medical tx for hepatic encephalopathy

A

Decrease protein intake, lactulose, rifaximin

74
Q

A 4 y/o presents with oliguria, petechiae, and jaundice following an illness with bloody diarrhea. Most likely diagnosis and cause?

A

HUS due to E coli O157:H7

75
Q

Tx after exposure to Hep B

A

HBV immunoglobulin

76
Q

Classic causes of drug-induced hepatitis

A

TB meds (INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide), acetaminophen, and tetracycline

77
Q

A 40 y/o obese woman with elevated alkaline phosphatase, elevated bilirubin, pruritus, dark urine, and clay colored stools

A

Biliary tract obstruction

78
Q

Hernia with highest risk of incarceration

A

Femoral hernia

79
Q

Severe abdominal pain out of proportion to the exam

A

Mesenteric ischemia

80
Q

Diagnosis of ileus

A

Abdominal radiographs (could also use CT scan)

81
Q

Anemia from chronic disease, occult blood loss, vague abdominal pain. What side is the colon cancer?

A

Right-sided

82
Q

Obstructive symptoms, change in bowel movements. What side is the colon cancer

A

Left-sided: “apple-core” lesio

83
Q

Presents with watery diarrhea, dehydration, muscle weakness, and flushing

84
Q

Presents with palpable, nontender gallbladder

A

Courvoisier sign (suggests pancreatic cancer)

85
Q

Four causes of microcytic anemia

A

Thalassemia, Iron deficiency, anemia of Chronic disease, and Sideroblastic anemia (TICS)

86
Q

Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD deficiency

A

Sulfonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans

87
Q

The most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability

A

Factor V Leiden mutation

88
Q

The most common inherited bleeding disordered

A

von Willebrand disease

89
Q

The most common inherited hemolytic anemia

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

90
Q

Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis

A

Osmotic fragility test

91
Q

Pure RBC aplasia

A

Diamond-Blackfan anemia

92
Q

Anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, café au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia

A

Fanconi anemia

93
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura pentad?

A

Fever, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal dysfunction, Neuro abnormalities (FAT RN)

94
Q

An 8 y/o boy presents with hemarthrosis and increased PTT with normal PT and bleeding time

A

Hemophilia A or B

95
Q

A 14 y/o girl presents with prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and with menses, normal PT, normal or increased PTT, and increased bleeding time

A

von Willebrand disease (treat with desmopressin, FFB or cryo)

96
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

97
Q

A 10 y/o boy presents with fever, wt loss and night sweats. Exam shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Diagnosis?

A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

98
Q

An 80 y/o man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis; smudge cells

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

99
Q

Auer rods on blood smear

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia

100
Q

AML subtype associated with DIC. Treatment?

A

M3. Treat with retinoic acid

101
Q

A 50 y/o man presents with early satiety, splenomegaly, and bleeding. Cytogenetics show t(9;22).

102
Q

Virus associated with aplastic anemia in pt’s with sickle cell

A

Parvovirus B19

103
Q

A significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia patients. Treatment?

A

Iron overload. Tx with deferoxamine

COMLEX Level 2 CE (5 decks)

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