First Aid Pharm Flashcards
What is the action of Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, and Nizatidine?
H2 blockers - ↓ acid secretion by parietal cells
What side effects does Cimetidine have?
Potent cytochrome P-450 inhibitor
Anti-androgenic effects
Cross BBB and placenta
↓ renal excretion of creatinine (ranitidine too)
Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, and esomeprazole all act where?
Irreversibly inhibit H/K ATPase in parietal cells
What are increased risks with proton pump inhibitors?
C. diff infection
pneumonia
hip fx
↓ serum Mg
What do bismuth and sucralfate do - what do they treat?
Bind to ulcer base - allow bicarb to reestablish pH gradient
Ulcers and traveler’s diarrhea
Misoprostol
PGE1
↑ gastric mucus ↓ acid
Octreotide
SST analog
Acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid tumor
Antacids can affect absorption, bioavailability, or urinary excretion of other drugs by altering ___________ or by _______________.
Gastric/urine pH
Delaying gastric emptying
All antacids can cause what side effect?
Hypokalemia
Aluminum hydroxide
Constipation and hypophosphatemia
Calcium carbonate
Hypercalcemia and rebound acid ↑
**Can chelate and ↓ effectiveness of other drugs**
Magnesium hydroxide
Diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest
What are examples of osmotic laxatives? (4)
Mg hydroxide
Mg citrate
Polyehtylene glycol
Lactulose (hepatic encephalopathy)
Infliximab
TNF-α antibody
Crohn, UC, RA, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Psoriasis
Sulfasalazine is a combination of sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid - what are their functions? What activates it?
Sulfapyridine: antibacterial
5-aminosalicylic acid: anti-inflammatory
Colonic Bacteria
