First Aid FM 4-25.11 Flashcards
What Publication for Skill level 1 First Aid?
STP 21-1 Chap 2
What does the acronym TCCC stand for?
Tactical Combat Casualty Care
How many phases are there for TCCC?
3 Phases
What are the phases of TCCC?
- Care under fire
- Tactical field care
- Combat Casualty Evacuation Care
Explain Phase 1 under Care Under Fire.
You are under hostile fire and are very limited as to the care you can provide
Explain Phase 2 Care “Tactical Field Care”
You and the casualty are relatively safe and no longer under hostile fire, and you are free to provide casualty care to the best of your ability
Explain Phase 3 Care “Combat Casualty Evacuation Care”
The care rendered during casualty evacuation
What does the Acronym CASEVAC stand for?
Casualty Evacuation in Non Medical Vehicle or Aircraft
When would you not provide First Aid to a Casualty?
If rendering Aid will put your life in danger or if you find the casualty has no signs of life-no pulse or breathing
In combat, what is the most likely threat to the casualty’s life?
From bleeding
During care under fire, what could attempts to check for airway and breathing do to a rescuer?
Can expose the rescuer to enemy fire
When would you not attempt to restore the airway?
If you find the casualty with no signs of life - no pulse or breathing
What is the 1st step for Care Under Fire?
Return fire as directed or required before providing medical treatment.
When would you advise the casualty to Play Dead?
If the casualty is unable to move and you are unable to move the casualty to cover and the casualty is still under direct enemy fire
What would you do if the casualty is unresponsive?
Move the casualty, their weapon, and mission essential equipment to cover as the tactical situation permits
When would you apply a Tourniquet?
If the casualty has severe bleeding from a limb or has suffered amputation of a limb
When would you perform tactical field care?
When no longer under direct enemy fire or situations in which an injury has occurred during the mission but there has been no hostile fire
During tactical field care what is medical equipment?
Available medical equipment limited to that carried into the field by the Soldier
When evaluating and/or treating a casualty, when would you seek medical aid?
As soon as possible. Do not stop treatment, but if the situation allows, send another person to find medical aid.
When would you stop a medical evacuation?
If there are any signs of nerve agent poisoning, stop the evaluation, take necessary protective measures, and being first aid
How do you determine levels of consciousness?
AVPU A - Alert V - Respond to voice P - Responds to pain U - Unresponsive
What should you do if the casualty is being burned?
Take steps to remove the casualty from the source of the burns before continuing evaluation and treatment
How do you check a casualty’s response to pain?
Rub the breastbone briskly with a knuckle or squeeze the first or second toe over the toenail
What do you do if the casualty is conscious but is chocking and cannot talk
Stop the evaluation and begin treatment
When would you insert a nasopharyngeal airway?
If the casualty is breathing
After inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, how would you place the casualty?
In the recovery position
What could attempting CPR on casualties with inevitable fatal injuries on the battlefield result in?
May result in additional lives lost as care is diverted from casualties with less severe injuries
What are the situations that CPR on the battlefield should be considered for?
Only in the case of nontraumatic disorders such as hypothermia, near drowning, or electrocution should CPR be considered prior to CASEVAC phase
What does CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
What could converting the tourniquet to a pressure dressing save on a casualty?
The casualty’s limb
Who should be issued a combat pill pack before deploying on tactical missions?
Each Soldier
What does FMC stand for?
Field Medical Card
Who should initiate a FMC?
A combat medic or a certified combat lifesaver
What is the job of a Soldier accompanying an unconscious casualty during a CASEVAC?
To monitor the casualty’s airway, breathing, and bleeding
What are the signs of a severe airway obstruction?
Poor verbal exchange, increased breathing difficulty, a silent cough, cyanosis, or inability to speak or breathe
What is the one question to ask a casualty you suspect is choking?
Are you chocking?
What should you do if the casualty nods yes to the question, Are You Choking?
render aid for conscious casualty choking
Can you slap a choking casualty on the back?
No
What could slapping a choking casualty on the back do?
This may cause the object to go down the airway instead of out
When should abdominal thrusts not be used?
If the victim is pregnant, obese, or has a significant abdominal wound
Can clearing a conscious casualty’s airway obstruction be done sitting or standing?
Either sitting or standing
What should happen if a conscious casualty becomes unconscious while attempting to clear an obstruction?
Lay them down and start mouth-to-mouth resuscitation procedures
What are the 9 signs and symptoms of shock?
- Sweaty cool skin
- Pale skin
- Restlessness or nervousness
- Thirst
- Severe bleeding
- Confusion
- Rapid breathing
- Blotchy blue skin
- Nausea
What position should a casualty be placed in to treat for shock?
On their back or sitting, whichever is easier
When would you not elevate the casualty’s legs?
if they have an unsplinted fractured leg, abdominal wound, or head or spinal injury
What do you need to start if the casualty is in hypovolemic shock from combat injuries?
Saline lock and an intravenous solution
When would you not loosen clothing?
In an chemical enviroment
What does immobilizing a limb reduce?
Muscular activity which helps to stop bleeding and reduce pain.
What should you do if you must leave a casualty?
Place their head to the side to prevent chocking if vomiting occurs
What is the First step for treating any type of burn?
Eliminate the source of the burn
What type of materials may melt and cause further injury?
Synthetic materials, such as nylon
What could high voltage electrical burns from an electrical source or lightning cause?
Temporary unconsciousness, difficulties in breathing or with the heart
What are blisters caused by a blister agent?
Burns
Would you decontaminate skin where blisters have already formed?
No
What should you do to clothing that is stuck to the wound?
I would not try to remove it because it may cause more harm
If the burn is caused by white phosphorus what should the bandage be?
Wet
What is significant about Electrical Burns?
Leaves entry and exit burns
When can you give the casualty small amounts of water to drink when treating burns?
If they’re conscious and not nauseated
How many different types of burns are there?
4
What are the four different types of burns?
- Thermal
- Electrical
- Chemical
- Laser
What is the first step to treating a Casualty for a Heat injury?
Identify the type of heat injury
What are the symptoms for heat cramps?
- Cramping in the extremities
- Abdominal cramps
- Excessive sweating
What are iced sheets?
Sheets kept in cold/icy water that can be placed on a casualty to rapidly lower their body temperature
Which heat casualty is a medical emergency that may result in death if the treatment is delayed?
Heat stroke
Where are the items needed to start a saline lock or IV infusion?
In the combat lifesaver or combat medic bag
Where are the preferred sites for the saline lock and IV?
The veins in the crook of the elbow
What are the alternate locations for the saline lock or IV?
The back of the hand, foot or vein of the leg
What is the purpose of the constricting band?
To stop the blood in the vein from flowing back to the heart
What is the maximum time you can have the constricting band in place for?
No more than 2 minutes
What does an occlusive dressing do?
seals the catheter surrounding the skin
What should you do if an IV is not to be started immediately?
Flush the catheter and examine the site for infiltration
How should you roll a casualty onto their back?
As a whole so the body does not twist
What should you do if foreign material or vomit is in the mouth?:
Remove it as quickly as possible
What are two ways to open an airway?
Head tilt/chin lift method and the Jaw Thrust method
Explain the Head/tilt chin lift method.
- Kneel to the casualty’s shoulders
- Place on hand on their forehead and apply firm backward pressure with the palm to tilt the head back.
- Place the fingertips of the other hand under the bony part of the jaw and lift, bringing the chin forward
Explain the Jaw thrust method
- Kneel above the casualty’s head.
- Rest your elbows on the ground or floor
- Stabilize the casualty’s head with your forearms
Use index fingers to push the angles of the casualty’s lower jaw forward
When do you not use the head tilt/chin lift method?
If a spinal or neck injury is suspected
What are things to avoid when doing the head tilt/chin lift method?
- Do not use the thumb to lift
- Do not completely close the casualty’s mouth
- Do not press deeply into the soft tissue under the chin with fingers
What is the maximum amount of times you should attempt to use the Jaw thrust method if it does not work?
2 times
When should you insert a NPA?
If the casualty is unconscious, breathing rate is less than 2 in 15 seconds, if they’re making snoring or gurgling sounds
What nostril are most NPAs designed to be placed in?
The right nostril
What are the 2 resuscitation methods to assist a casualty that is not breathing?
Mouth to mouth and mouth to nose
When would you use the mouth to nose resuscitation method?
if they have jaw injuries or spasms
How would you perform the mouth to nose resuscitation method?
Blow into the nose with closed lips and allow air to escape by removing them or separating the casualty’s lips
How do you check for a casualty’s pulse?
Two fingers in the grooves of the casualty’s throat beside their adams apple
