First Aid Day One Flashcards
What are the three Ps to First Aid?
Protect Life
Prevent (or Limit) Worsening of Injury/ Illness
Promote Recovery
What are the three types of legislation/ Regulation?
Health and Safety at work Act 1974
Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulation 1981
Management of the Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
What is RIDDOR?
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation
What is ACT?
Assess the Scene
Communicate Information
Treat Casualties
What should you communicate to control?
What is the situation?
What you are doing about it?
What other resources do you need?
Multi Agency Emergency/ Shared Situation Awareness.
What does METHANE mean?
Major Incident Declared Exact Location Type of Incident Hazards Present/ Suspected Access- safe route Number and severity of casualties Emergency service present/ required
What are the four types of triage?
Cat 3: Walking wounded
Cat 2: Non mobile casualties
Cat 1: Severe/ Critical
Cat 4: Dead
Casualty Handover.
ATMIST?
Age Time of Incident Mechanism of Injury (How it was caused) Injury/ illness sustained Sign and Symptoms Treatment Given
What is the Primary Survey?
DR (C) ABC
Danger
Response
Catastrophic Bleed
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
What is Response? AVPU?
Alert- Are they alert and communicating?
Voice- Can they respond to verbal commands?
Pain- Do they react to pain?
Unresponsive- Unresponsive
What is a Catastrophic bleed?
Losing 1 litre of blood per minute.
What are the two types of Airway Blockages?
Partial
Complete
What can the airway be blocked by?
Liquids Foreign Objects Debris Tongue Swelling
How can the airway be opened?
Head tilt, Chin Lift
What is an Adults and Childs breathing rate?
Adult 12-20 breaths per minute.
What are the percentage of gases in breathing?
78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1% Trace Gases
How to check for breathing?
Place cheek over the casualties mouth, looking down their body.
Can you see the chest rise and fall?
Can you hear them breathing?
Can you feel them breathing?
What is the Secondary Survey for an Unconscious Casualty? DOTS
Deformities
Open Wounds
Tendernous
Swelling
What is the Secondary Survey for a Conscious Casualty?
SAMPLE
Signs/ Symptoms Allergies Medication Previous Medical History Last Ate/ Drank Environment
What is CPR?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: CPR is when the first aider artificially reproduces the casualties naturally bodily functions of circulation and respiration?
How many rescue breaths and chest compressions should you give for a cardio?
2 Initial Rescue Breaths and 30 chest compressions
How many rescue breaths and chest compressions should you give for respiratory?
5 Initial Rescue Breaths and 30 chest compressions
When should you stop giving CPR?
- Someone more experienced or qualified tells you to stop?
- To exhausted to carry on
- The casualty somehow recovers
What are the signs of choking?
Unable to talk
Distressed facial expressions
pointing to throat
panicking
What is the choking procedure for Adult/ Child?
5 Back blows
5 Abdominal thrusts
What is the choking procedure for Infant?
5 Back blows
5 Chest Thrusts
What are the types of shock?
Cardiogenic shock Hypovolaemic shock Septic shock Neurogenic shock Anaphylactic shock
What are the signs and symptoms of shock?
pale, cold, clammy skin sweating rapid, shallow breathing weakness and dizziness feeling sick and possibly vomiting thirst yawning sighing
What is the treatment for Circulatory shock?
Treat obvious causes:
- Control hazards
- Control bleeding
- Consider Environment (Hypothermia/ Hyperthermia)
- Reassure the casualty
- sit/ lay down the casualty
- raise legs to improve blood supply to major organs
- maintain core temporature
- arrange transport to hospital
- continue to monitor
When dealing with shock, DO NOT?!
- Let casualty eat, drink or smoke
- Unnecessarily move the casualty
- Leave casualty unattended
- rapidly alter casualty core temperature
What is Anaphylactic shock?
Is an extremely dangerous allergic reaction caused by a massive over reaction of the body’s immune system.
Anaphylactic shock has three main characteristics?
1) a rapid onset
2) A life-threatening Airway, Breathing or circulation problem (or combination of them)
3) A skin rash, flushing and/ or swelling (but not all casualties have this)
What is the treatment for Anaphylactic shock?
1) use an adrenaline auto-injector if the person has one – but make sure you know how to use it correctly first
2) call 999 for an ambulance immediately (even if they start to feel better) – mention that you think the person has anaphylaxis
3) remove any trigger if possible – for example, carefully remove any stinger stuck in the skin
4) lie the person down flat – unless they’re unconscious, pregnant or having breathing difficulties
5) give another injection after 5-15 minutes if the symptoms do not improve and a second auto-injector is available
Signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis?
feeling lightheaded or faint breathing difficulties – such as fast, shallow breathing wheezing a fast heartbeat clammy skin confusion and anxiety collapsing or losing consciousness
