First Aid Day One

Question 1

What are the three Ps to First Aid?

Answer 1

Protect Life
Prevent (or Limit) Worsening of Injury/ Illness
Promote Recovery

Question 2

What are the three types of legislation/ Regulation?

Answer 2

Health and Safety at work Act 1974
Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulation 1981
Management of the Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999

Question 3

What is RIDDOR?

Answer 3

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation

Question 4

What is ACT?

Answer 4

Assess the Scene
Communicate Information
Treat Casualties

Question 5

What should you communicate to control?

Answer 5

What is the situation?
What you are doing about it?
What other resources do you need?

Question 6

Multi Agency Emergency/ Shared Situation Awareness.

What does METHANE mean?

Answer 6

Major Incident Declared
Exact Location
Type of Incident 
Hazards Present/ Suspected 
Access- safe route
Number and severity of casualties
Emergency service present/ required

Question 7

What are the four types of triage?

Answer 7

Cat 3: Walking wounded
Cat 2: Non mobile casualties
Cat 1: Severe/ Critical

Cat 4: Dead

Question 8

Casualty Handover.

ATMIST?

Answer 8

Age
Time of Incident 
Mechanism of Injury (How it was caused)
Injury/ illness sustained 
Sign and Symptoms
Treatment Given

Question 9

What is the Primary Survey?

DR (C) ABC

Answer 9

Danger
Response

Catastrophic Bleed

Airway
Breathing
Circulation

Question 10

What is Response? AVPU?

Answer 10

Alert- Are they alert and communicating?
Voice- Can they respond to verbal commands?
Pain- Do they react to pain?
Unresponsive- Unresponsive

Question 11

What is a Catastrophic bleed?

Answer 11

Losing 1 litre of blood per minute.

Question 12

What are the two types of Airway Blockages?

Answer 12

Partial

Complete

Question 13

What can the airway be blocked by?

Answer 13

Liquids 
Foreign Objects
Debris 
Tongue 
Swelling

Question 14

How can the airway be opened?

Answer 14

Head tilt, Chin Lift

Question 15

What is an Adults and Childs breathing rate?

Answer 15

Adult 12-20 breaths per minute.

Question 16

What are the percentage of gases in breathing?

Answer 16

78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1% Trace Gases

Question 17

How to check for breathing?

Answer 17

Place cheek over the casualties mouth, looking down their body.
Can you see the chest rise and fall?
Can you hear them breathing?
Can you feel them breathing?

Question 18

What is the Secondary Survey for an Unconscious Casualty? DOTS

Answer 18

Deformities
Open Wounds
Tendernous
Swelling

Question 19

What is the Secondary Survey for a Conscious Casualty?

SAMPLE

Answer 19

Signs/ Symptoms 
Allergies 
Medication 
Previous Medical History 
Last Ate/ Drank
Environment

Question 20

What is CPR?

Answer 20

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: CPR is when the first aider artificially reproduces the casualties naturally bodily functions of circulation and respiration?

Question 21

How many rescue breaths and chest compressions should you give for a cardio?

Answer 21

2 Initial Rescue Breaths and 30 chest compressions

Question 22

How many rescue breaths and chest compressions should you give for respiratory?

Answer 22

5 Initial Rescue Breaths and 30 chest compressions

Question 23

When should you stop giving CPR?

Answer 23

1. Someone more experienced or qualified tells you to stop?
2. To exhausted to carry on
3. The casualty somehow recovers

Question 24

What are the signs of choking?

Answer 24

Unable to talk
Distressed facial expressions
pointing to throat
panicking

Question 25

What is the choking procedure for Adult/ Child?

Answer 25

5 Back blows

5 Abdominal thrusts

Question 26

What is the choking procedure for Infant?

Answer 26

5 Back blows

5 Chest Thrusts

Question 27

What are the types of shock?

Answer 27

Cardiogenic shock
Hypovolaemic shock 
Septic shock
Neurogenic shock
Anaphylactic shock

Question 28

What are the signs and symptoms of shock?

Answer 28

pale, cold, clammy skin
sweating
rapid, shallow breathing
weakness and dizziness
feeling sick and possibly vomiting
thirst
yawning
sighing

Question 29

What is the treatment for Circulatory shock?

Answer 29

Treat obvious causes:

• Control hazards
• Control bleeding
• Consider Environment (Hypothermia/ Hyperthermia)
• Reassure the casualty
• sit/ lay down the casualty
• raise legs to improve blood supply to major organs
• maintain core temporature
• arrange transport to hospital
• continue to monitor

Question 30

When dealing with shock, DO NOT?!

Answer 30

• Let casualty eat, drink or smoke
• Unnecessarily move the casualty
• Leave casualty unattended
• rapidly alter casualty core temperature

Question 31

What is Anaphylactic shock?

Answer 31

Is an extremely dangerous allergic reaction caused by a massive over reaction of the body’s immune system.

Question 32

Anaphylactic shock has three main characteristics?

Answer 32

1) a rapid onset
2) A life-threatening Airway, Breathing or circulation problem (or combination of them)
3) A skin rash, flushing and/ or swelling (but not all casualties have this)

Question 33

What is the treatment for Anaphylactic shock?

Answer 33

1) use an adrenaline auto-injector if the person has one – but make sure you know how to use it correctly first
2) call 999 for an ambulance immediately (even if they start to feel better) – mention that you think the person has anaphylaxis
3) remove any trigger if possible – for example, carefully remove any stinger stuck in the skin
4) lie the person down flat – unless they’re unconscious, pregnant or having breathing difficulties
5) give another injection after 5-15 minutes if the symptoms do not improve and a second auto-injector is available

Question 34

Signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis?

Answer 34

feeling lightheaded or faint
breathing difficulties – such as fast, shallow breathing
wheezing
a fast heartbeat
clammy skin
confusion and anxiety
collapsing or losing consciousness