First Aid/CPR

Question 1

3 objectives of first aid

Answer 1

Prevent further injury, infection, and loss of life

Question 2

4 methods to control bleeding

Answer 2

Direct pressure
Elevation
Pressure points
Tourniquet (last resort)

Question 3

What is a pressure point?

Answer 3

A point on the body where a main artery lies near the skin or over bone

Question 4

How many pressure points?

Answer 4

11:
Temple
Jaw
Carotid artery
Collar bone
Inner upper arm
Inner elbow
Wrist
Femoral artery
Iliac/groin artery
Knee
Ankle

Question 5

What are the 3 classifications of burn?

Answer 5

First degree: redness, warmth and mild pain
Second degree: red, blistered skin and sever pain
Third degree: destroyed tissue, down to bone in some cases, pain may be absent due to destroyed nerve endings

Question 6

What are 2 types of fractures?

Answer 6

Closed/simple: broken bone is NOT protruding from skin

Open/complex: bone DOES porridge from skin

Question 7

2 types of heat injury?

Answer 7

Heat exhaustion: disturbance of blood flowing to brain, heart, lungs. Skin is cool, moist, clammy. Pupils are dilated, body temp ranges from normal to high, victim may sweat profusely.

Heat stroke: very serious condition cause by inability to sweat. Hot/dry skin, uneven pupil dilation, and weak/rapid pulse

Question 8

What are 3 cold injuries?

Answer 8

Hypothermia: victim may be pale and unconscious, may even appear dead. Breathing is slow and shallow, pulse is fair or undetectable. Body tissue and limbs may feel stiff/rigid.

Superficial frostbite: ice crystals form in the upper skin layers.

Deep frostbite: ice crystals form in the deeper skin layers.

Question 9

What are 5 types of shock?

Answer 9

Septic: result of bacteria in the blood and releasing toxins

Anaphylactic: result of allergic reaction.

Cariogenic: heart is damaged and unable to supply sufficient blood flow.

Hypovolemic: caused by sever loss of blood/fluid resulting in insufficient blood flow.

Neurogenic: caused by spinal cord injury.

Question 10

What does CPR stand for?

Answer 10

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

Question 11

What is the purpose of CPR?

Answer 11

Rescue breaths and chest compressions to victims in cardiac arrest to “buy time” until normal heart function is restored

Question 12

What is the C/A/B as it relates to CPR?

Answer 12

Circulation Airway and Breathing

Question 13

How many steps to the “Survival Chain” and what are they?

Answer 13

6 steps:

• Recognition/Activation of CPR
• Chest compressions
• Defibrillator
• Rapid defibrillation
• Effective advanced life support (EMT’s/ambulance)
• Integrated post cardiac arrest care (hospital)