First Aid Biochemistry

Question 1

Which metabolic pathways take place in the mitochondria?

Answer 1

• Fatty acid oxidation (B-oxidation)
• Acetyl CoA production
• TCA cycle
• Oxidative phosphorylation
• Ketogenesis

Question 2

Which metabolic pathways occur in the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

• Glycolysis
• HMP shunt
• Synthesis of cholesterol
• Proteins
• Fatty acids
• Nucleotides

Question 3

Which metabolic pathways occur in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondria?

Answer 3

• Heme synthesis
• Urea cycle
• Gluconeogenesis

Question 4

What is the function of kinase enzymes?

Answer 4

Catalyzes transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy molecule to a substrate

Question 5

What is the function of phosphorylase enzymes?

Answer 5

Adds inorganic phosphate onto substrate without using ATP

Question 6

What is the function of phosphatase enzymes?

Answer 6

Removes phosphate group from substrate

Question 7

What is the function of dehydrogenase enzymes?

Answer 7

Catalyzes oxidation-reduction reactions

Question 8

What is the function of hydroxylase enzymes?

Answer 8

Adds hydroxyl group onto substrate

Question 9

What is the function of carboxylase enzymes?

Answer 9

Transfers CO2 groups with the help of biotin

Question 10

What is the function of mutase enzymes?

Answer 10

Relocates a functional group within a molecule

Question 11

What is the function of synthase enzymes?

Answer 11

Joins two molecules together using a source of energy

Question 12

What is the rate determing enzyme in glycolysis?

Answer 12

Phosphofructokinase-1

Question 13

What molecules regulate glycolysis?

Answer 13

• AMP +
• Fructose-2,6- bisphosphate +
• ATP -
• Citrate -

Question 14

What molecules regulate gluconeogenesis?

Answer 14

• Citrate +
• AMP -
• Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate -

Question 15

What is the rate determining enzyme of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 15

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase

Question 16

What is the rate determining enzyme of the TCA cycle?

Answer 16

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 17

What are the regulators of the TCA cycle?

Answer 17

• ADP +
• ATP -
• NADH -

Question 18

What is the rate determining enzyme of glycogenesis?

Answer 18

Glycogen synthase

Question 19

What are the regulators of glycogenesis?

Answer 19

• Glucose-6-phosphate +
• Insulin +
• Cortisol +
• Epinephrine -
• Glucagon -

Question 20

What is the rate determining enzyme of the HMP shunt?

Answer 20

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 21

What are the regulators of the HMP shunt?

Answer 21

• NADP+ +
• NADPH -

Question 22

What is the rate determining enzyme of de novo pyrimidine synthesis?

Answer 22

Carbomoyl phosphate synthetase II

Question 23

What are the regulators of de novo pyrimidine synthesis?

Answer 23

• ATP +
• PRPP +
• UTP -

Question 24

What is the rate determining enzyme of de novo purine synthesis?

Answer 24

Glutamine-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase

Question 25

What are the regulators of de novo purine synthesis?

Answer 25

• AMP -
• Inosine monophosphate -
• GMP -

Question 26

What is the rate determining enzyme of the urea cycle?

Answer 26

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Question 27

What are the regulators of the urea cycle?

Answer 27

N-acetylglutamate +

Question 28

What is the rate determining enzyme of fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 28

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Question 29

What are the regulators of fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 29

• Insulin +
• Citrate +
• Glucagon -
• Palmitoyl- CoA -

Question 30

What are the regulators of cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 30

• Insulin +
• Thyroxine +
• Estrogen +
• Glucagon -
• Cholesterol -

Question 31

What is the rate-determining enzymes of ketogenesis?

Answer 31

HMG-CoA synthase

Question 32

What are the regulators of cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 32

• Insulin +
• Thyroxine +
• Estrogen +
• Glucagon -
• Cholesterol -