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Firetest > First Aid And Rescue > Flashcards

First Aid And Rescue Flashcards

0
Q

Lack of oxygen for as little as ______minutes can cause Brian damage.

A

4

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1
Q

What are the ABC’s of basic life support

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation

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2
Q

What are the two ways to open the airway?

A

Head tilt/chin lift

Jaw thrust

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3
Q

How many breaths should you give before monte ring the airway

A

2

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4
Q

The process of supplying oxygen to the body through the lungs and the simultaneous removal of carbon dioxide

A

Ventilation (respiratory)

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5
Q

What should you check for if successful and ventilation

A

Carotid pulse

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6
Q

CPR, what surface should he be lying on?

A

Flat and firm

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7
Q

What are the four reasons when you should stop CPR?

A
  1. Circulation and ventilation are restored
  2. Another person resumes CPR
  3. A physician assumes responsibility or orders you to stop
  4. The individual giving CPR is unable to continue
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8
Q

How deep should a compression be on an adult in CPR?

A

1 1/2 to 2 inches

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9
Q

What is the rate of compression.

A

100 beats per minute

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10
Q

What is the compression depth and rate for a child?

A

1/3 inch and 100 per minute

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11
Q

Where are the hands placed on an adult, child and infant in CPR?

A

Adult both under sternum, child one on sternum and other under head, infant use index and middle fingers

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12
Q

What are the 6 symptoms of myocardial infarction ?

A 
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Sudden weakness, nausea and sweating
Anxiety
Unconsciousness
Death
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13
Q

What is the cause of myocardial infarction ?

A

Result of atherosclerosis. Layer of fat beneath inner cell layer and artery.

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14
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A

Spasmodic chest pain, restricted blood flow to heart

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15
Q

How is angina treated?

A

Rest and medication..nitroglycerin

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16
Q

How is heart attack different than angina?

A

Lasts longer than 30 minutes, not caused by exertion and not treated by nitroglycerin

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17
Q

How can you treat heart attack?

A

Act calm, give oxygen, IV for lifeline to give drugs and position

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18
Q

What is the term for a blood vessels wall becoming weakened and protruding.

A

Aneurism

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19
Q

What are symptoms of a stroke?

A

Behavior, loss of control of one side of body, unequal hand pressure, face drooping, difficulty moving or weakness in arms or legs

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20
Q

What does it mean if there is high BP and slow pulse?

A

Brain swelling

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21
Q

Define avulsion

A

Injury when entire pie e of skin is torn loose or hanging

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22
Q

Define abrasion.

A

Rug or mat burn. Loss of outer portion of skin..caused by skin rubbing surface

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23
Q

Define laceration

A

Cut by sharp object. May pass through skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles or nerves

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24
Q

Define puncture wound

A

Produced by knife, nail or object. Wound to Internal organs are life threatening

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25
Q

List four methods with wound care.

A
  1. Direct pressure with sterile material
  2. Elevate wound or appendage
  3. Apply arterial pressure
  4. Tourniquet mark with TK on head
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26
Q

What are signs of internal bleeding?

A

Vomiting bright red blood, dark stools, bright red blood from rectum,

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27
Q

The main artery that passes up the neck and supply the head.

A

Carotid artery

They can be felt on both sides of the head.

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28
Q

Located above the trachea and below the tongue. It also contains the vocal cords.

A

Larynx

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29
Q

The cartilage located at the lower end of the sternum.

A

Diploid process.

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30
Q

The breast bone

A

The sternum

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31
Q

What is the sternum

A

The breast bone

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32
Q

The body part between the neck and the pelvis.

A

The trunk

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33
Q

What are the 3 serious consequences of MI

A

Death from the hearts inability to properly move blood.
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Shock

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34
Q

What percentage of people who experience MI die before they reach medical treatment facilities?

A

1/2 or 50%

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35
Q

CHF frequently occurs after an MI. A patient with CHF has ______in his/her lungs. He/she will have difficulty breathing and will usually feel best ________

A

Fluid

In a sitting position

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36
Q

Damage or death of a portion of the heart muscle usually occurring in the left ventricle. It is caused by a reduction in the blood supply to the area.

A

Myocardial Infarction. (MI)

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37
Q

A disease condition marked by spasmodic chest pain. Associated with restricted blood flow to the heart and usually relieved by rest and medication.

A

Angina pectoris

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38
Q

A drug that dilates the blood vessels allowing more blood flow.

A

Nitro
Nitroglycerin
Often used to relieve pain associated wi angina pectoris.

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39
Q

One of the 2 lower chambers of the heart.

A

Ventricles.

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40
Q

Shock caused form the lessening of cardiac output. This is usually the result of primary heart disease.

A

Cardiogenic shock.

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41
Q

A stroke which is characterized by restricted blood supply to some part of the brain

A

Cerebrovascular accident

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42
Q

What is the most common cause of stroke?

A

Clotting of the cerebral vessel where atherosclerotic disease is present.

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43
Q

What are the 3 types of stroke

A

Occlusion(blockage)
Rupture of an artery
A blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body and moves to the brain

44
Q

Care for stroke patients should include

A

Observation
Oxygen
I.V.
And notation of characteristic signs

45
Q

Very high blood pressure combine with a slow pulse indicates________

A

Brain swelling

46
Q

In a stroke patient you should avoid _________ that _________ and avoid _______and transport to an emergency care facility

A

Comments
Increase anxiety
Giving fluids by mouth

47
Q

What does subcutaneous mean?

A

Below the skin

48
Q

What are 4 types of soft tissue injuries

A

Avulsions
Abrasions
Lacerations
Punctures

49
Q

A _______ is an injury which an entire piece of skin, with barring portions of subcutaneous tissue or muscle, is torn loose and is hanging as a flap.

A

Avulsion

50
Q

An ______ is sometimes called a rug or mat burn. It is the loss of outer portion of the skin, usually caused from being rubbed or scraped across a hard surface.

A

abrasion

51
Q

A ______ is a cut produced by a knife, razor or sharp object. It may pass through the tissue subcutaneous tissue, the underlying muscle, and the associated nerves and blood vessels.

A

Laceration

52
Q

A______ is produced by a knife, nail, sharp object,or a gunshot. External bleeding usually is not as much of a problem with a _________ as the possible life threatening blood loss due to injury of the internal organs.

A

Puncture wound

53
Q

A indication of blood loss would be _______

A

Low blood pressure

54
Q

What are 4 methods of dealing with a wound?

A

Direct pressure to the injured site( preferably with sterile material)
Elevate the wound or appendage
Apply arterial pressure at a pressure point of the supply artery
As a last resort, a tourniquet should be applied

55
Q

A wound patient should be __________ and not ______

A

Kept quiet

Not allowed to move

56
Q

When applying a tourniquet a_______ or ______ should be used.

A

Wide bandage

Blood pressure cuff.

57
Q

What 3 things should never be used as a tourniquet.

A

Wire
Small diameter rope
Or cord.

58
Q

When a tourniquet is placed on a patient you should write the letter ______ on the ________

A

TK

Forehead

59
Q

Vomiting of bright read blood can be a symptom of ________

A

Internal bleeding from injury or disease

60
Q

The passage or dark tar like stool or bright red blood from the rectum is indicative of _______

A

Internal bleeding

61
Q

What are the 7 types if shock

A 
Hemorrhagic (loss of blood)
Obstructive shock(lack of oxygen)
Neurogenic shock (loss of nervous control of the vascular system)
Cardiogenic shock (inadequate functioning of the heart)
Anaphylactic shock (allergic reaction)
Metabolic shock(loss of body fluids, dehydration)
62
Q

Shock produced when muscles of the look vessels are temporarily or permanently paralyzed. The vessels tend to dilate and more blood than normal is required to fill them.

A

Neurogenic

63
Q

Shock brought on as the result of the loss of large amounts of blood from the blood vessels.

A

Hemorrhagic shock

64
Q

Shock cause from insufficient oxygen supply in the body or inability to breath

A

Obstructive

65
Q

A fainting spell usually brought on by the dilation of blood vessels caused from emotional stimuli

A

Psychogenic shock

66
Q

A condition which develops rapidly and is caused by an individuals hypersensitivity to a drug or foreign object. Sometime referred to as an allergic reaction.

A

Anaphylactic shock

67
Q

State do shock produced by excessive loss of body fluid and or minerals.

A

Metabolic

68
Q

What are the 8 sign and symptoms of shock

A

Restlessness and anxiety
Weak rapid pulse
Cold moist skin
Face, lips, and nail beds become cyanotic (blue from lack of oxygen)
Respirations may become shallow and labored
Extreme thirst and the sensation of needing to vomit
Blood pressure falls
Unconsciousness

69
Q

What are some (9) treatments for shock

A 
Monitor ABC's
Elevate feet
Handled carefully and reassured 
Cover the patient to help prevent heat loss
Kept lying down unless it is difficult to breath
Give oxygen
IV for volume replacement
Use an anti shock garment
Do not give food or liquid
70
Q

A condition marked by weakness, nausea, dizziness and profuse sweating. Usually is the result of physical exertion in hot environments

A

Heat exhaustion

71
Q

What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion

A 
Dizziness,
Fainting
Nausea
The skin is cool ashen and moist 
Vital sign are usually normal
72
Q

What is the treatment for heat exhaustion

A

Same as shock

73
Q

A condition brought on by exposure to high temperatures.

A

Heat stroke

74
Q

What are the characteristics of heat stroke

A

Cessation of sweating
High body temperature
And collapse
This can be fatal

75
Q

What is another name for heat stroke

A

Sun stroke

76
Q

In heat stroke all _________ ceases. The patient will have skin and body temperatures above _______.

A

Sweating

105

77
Q

Coma or near coma with diminished cerebral functions exist with what kind of patient

A

Heat stroke

78
Q

In the early stages of a heat stroke patient the pulse will be _____and ____ and may progress toward _____and ______.

A

Rapid and full
Rapid and weak
If this progression continues the patient may die

79
Q

What is the treatment for a heat stroke patient

A

Wet sheets or compresses
Intravenous infusion.
Emergency care and oxygen is the highest priority.

80
Q

State of unconsciousness caused by disease, injury, poison, or drugs

A

Coma

81
Q

The rule in regard to splinting is

A

When in doubt, SPLINT

82
Q

The outer layer of skin is called the

A

Epidermis

83
Q

The inner layer of skin is called

A

Dermis

84
Q

What is the treatment for sunburn?

A

Applying cool water.

85
Q

What is the treatment for a patient with an electrical burn?

A

1st make sure the power is off
Cover wounds with serial material
Give o2
IV

86
Q

A gland located behind the stomach which produces insulin

A

Pancreas

87
Q

A disorder characterized by inadequate secretion of insulin.

A

Diabetes mellitus

88
Q

A protein hormone secreted into the blood. It is used in the treatments an control of diabetes mellitus.

A

Insulin

89
Q

Shock produce when an excessive amount of insulin is administered.

A

Insulin shock

90
Q

All body cells require a certain amount of ______ to function properly.

A

Sugar

91
Q

What are the 6 signs and symptoms of a diabetic coma.

A 
Air hunger
Dehydration
A sweet or fruity odor
Rapid weak pulse
Slightly low blood pressure 
Various degrees of unresponsive ness leading to unconsciousness
92
Q

When does insulin shock occur

A

To much insulin given
Patient has not eaten enough food
Or patient exercised excessively

93
Q

What are the 6 signs/symptoms of insulin shock?

A 
Normal respiration
Pale, moist skin
Dizziness and headache
Full, rapid pulse
Normal blood pressure
Unconsciousness
94
Q

What is the rescuers first concern a drug over dose patient.

A

Maintain adequate respirations

95
Q

The air sacs of the lungs that are one of the components that facilitate oxygenation of the blood

A

Alveoli

96
Q

What is the range for average breaths

A

12 to 20

97
Q

What are the 3 sign of smoke inhalation

A

Frothy discharge from mouth or nose
Labored breathing
Coughing

98
Q

Most people who die from fire do so as a result of______ and ______

A

Inhaling smoke

Hot gases

99
Q

Where should you look for children in a fire

A

In and under beds

Closets

100
Q

The diver in the water who performs the search while holding on Tao the search line

A

Primary search diver

101
Q

A diver who is fully dressed and ready to enter the water who is stationed on the shore ready to replace the primary search diver or to come to their rescue

A

Back up or safety diver

102
Q

The shore based person who is responsible for holding the search line and directing the movements of the primary search diver.the ______ is not only responsible for conducting the search pattern, but is also responsible for the divers safety. the _______ must record the divers air pressure and keep track of how long the diver is under water

A

Line tender

103
Q

Before a water rescue search operation can begin, a thorough evaluation of potential hazards must be preformed. The search should include but not not limited to these 5 things

A 
Current
Depth
Underwater and surface hazards
Visibility
Possible hazardous contaminates
104
Q

What are the 2 common search patterns in a water rescue

A

The sweep

The parallel

105
Q

The _____ is in charge of the water search

A

Rope tender

106
Q

Rope singles tender to diver
1 tug
2 tugs
3 tugs

A

Are u ok
Stop, change direction, and take out line
Stop and surface

107
Q 
Rope signals diver to tender
One tug
Two tugs
Three tugs
Four tugs
A

Answer yes I am ok
Need more line
Found the target
Diver needs help

Firetest (6 decks)

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