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Firetest > Firefighter Orientation > Flashcards

Firefighter Orientation Flashcards

0
Q

How many deaths per year is caused by CVD

A

One million

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1
Q

What is CVD

A

Cardiovascular disease

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2
Q

What does blood carry

A

Oxygen and nutrients

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3
Q

If blood flow is impeded to the heart a ___________occures

A

Heart attack

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4
Q

2 specific types of CVD

A

CHD coronary heart disease

CAD coronary artery disease

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5
Q

The tubular vessels which carry oxygenated blood from the heart through the body

A

Artery

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6
Q

What is a lack of oxygen called?

A

Ischemia

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7
Q

What is is called when Heart tissue dies

A

Infarction

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8
Q

A heart attack (portion of the heart tissue is destroyed)

A

Myocardial infarction

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9
Q

__________refers to the disease condition in which plaque builds up in the arterial wall causing the size of the vessel opening to become narrow

A

Atherosclerosis

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10
Q

Atherosclerosis begins__________

A

Early in life. As early as the 20’s

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11
Q

Is CVD a short term or long term disease?

A

Long-term

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12
Q

Can CVD reach advanced stages without overt symptoms?

A

Yes!

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13
Q

What is the 1st sign of CVD?

A

A fatal heart attack.

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14
Q

A chronic disease characterized by deposits of fatty substances and cholesterol on the inner layers of the arterial wall. Can lead to obstruction or destruction of the artery wall.

A

Atherosclerosis

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15
Q

A characteristic that is present early in life and is associated with an increased risk of developing future disease

A

A health risk factor

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16
Q

Risk factors that cannot be modified.

A
  1. ) Age
  2. ) Heredity
  3. ) Race
  4. ) Gender
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17
Q
  1. ) Age
  2. ) Heredity
  3. ) Race
  4. ) Gender
A

Risk factors that cannot be modified.

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18
Q

Risk factors that can be modified.

A
  1. ) Hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels) (Cholesterol-lipid fractions)
  2. ) Cigarette smoking
  3. ) Diabetes mellitus (diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance)
  4. ) Hypertension ( high blood pressure )
  5. ) Obesity
  6. ) Physical inactivity
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19
Q
  1. ) Hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels) (Cholesterol-lipid fractions)
  2. ) Cigarette smoking
  3. ) Diabetes mellitus (diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance)
  4. ) Hypertension ( high blood pressure )
  5. ) Obesity
  6. ) Physical inactivity
A

Risk factors that can be modified.

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20
Q

Also known as high blood pressure, it is recognized by unstable or persistent elevation of blood pressure above the normal range.

A

Hypertension

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21
Q

_____________acounts for 430,000 deaths per year in the US. 40% of them are due to CVD

A

Smoking

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22
Q

Smoking increases the risk of

  1. )
  2. )
  3. )
  4. )
A
  1. ) Sudden cardiac death
  2. ) Aortic Aneurysm
  3. ) Peripheral vascular disease
  4. ) Stroke
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23
Q

1.) Sudden cardiac death
2.) Aortic Aneurysm
3.) Peripheral vascular disease
4.) Stroke
Are increased by ___________

A

Smoking

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24
Q

Smoking 1 pack a day ____________ the risk of CVD

A

Doubles

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25
Q

Smoking more than 1 pack ____________ the risk of CVD

A

Triples

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26
Q

As the number of cigarettes smoked increases, so does the risk of

  1. )
  2. )
A
  1. ) Coronary artery disease(CAD)

2. ) Stroke

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27
Q

____________refers to a chronic, persistent elevation of blood pressure.

A

Hypertension

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28
Q

140/90 is considered______________

A

hypertension

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29
Q

The risk of death doubles with a BP equal or greater than___________

A

140 / 90

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30
Q

If untreated, approximately 50% of patients with hypertension die from______________

A

Coronary heart disease(CHD) or

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

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31
Q

If untreated, approximately 50% of patients with hypertension die from Coronary heart disease (CHD) or Congestive heart failure (CHF), another 33% die from_____________

A

Stroke

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32
Q

If untreated, approximately 50% of patients with hypertension die from Coronary heart disease (CHD) or Congestive heart failure (CHF), another 33% die from stroke and 10 to 15% die due to ____________

A

Renal failure

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33
Q

The primary lifestyle modifications to help reduce hypertension include

  1. )
  2. )
  3. )
  4. )
  5. )
A
  1. ) Smoking cessation
  2. ) Diet and exercise
  3. ) losing weight
  4. ) increasing physical activity levels
  5. ) decreasing salt intake
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34
Q

Blood lipids are comprised primarily of _________ and __________

A

Triglycerides and cholesterol

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35
Q

Cholesterol and triglycerides are carried in the blood by a _______________

A

Lipoprotein molecule

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36
Q

Lipoprotein molecules carry __________and _________ through the blood.

A

Triglycerides and cholesterol

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37
Q

20% of the adult population is ____________ and another 25% - 30% is __________

A

Obese

Overweight

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38
Q

Obesity is associated with a number of diseases including

  1. )
  2. )
  3. )
  4. )
A
  1. ) Cardiovascular disease(high blood pressure, ect)
  2. ) Diabetes
  3. ) Gallbladder disease
  4. ) Cancer
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39
Q

When a person loses weight through exercise alone they lose__________

A

Fat and muscle

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40
Q

A person who loses weight through a combination of diet and exercise loses almost exclusively_________

A

Fat weight

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41
Q

_________ is a metabolic disorder characterized by the inability to use sugar (glucose) effectively

A

Diabetes

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42
Q

Patients who are _________ have a 300% - 500% increased risk of a cardiac event.

A

Diabetic

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43
Q

70% of all deaths among diabetic patients are from__________

A

CVD

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44
Q

Diabetes often coexists with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In fact, the cluster of risk factors has been termed ___________

A

Metabolic syndrome X

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45
Q

Metabolic syndrome X is a cluster of risk factors that include?

  1. )
  2. )
  3. )
A
  1. ) Abdominal obesity
  2. ) Hypertension
  3. ) Diabetes
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46
Q

The risk of CVD is twice as likely in ____________ and almost the same as people with____________or______________.

A

Inactive people

Hypertension Or High cholesterol

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47
Q

___________ is responsible for 200,000 deaths per year in the US.

A

Physical Inactivity

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48
Q

To reduce the risk of suffering a heart attack or stroke it is imperative that firefighters:

  1. )
  2. )
  3. )
A
  1. ) Do not smoke
  2. ) Follow a regimen of moderate aerobic exercise.
  3. ) Eat a balanced diet, avoid excess simple sugars, and maintain a normal body weight.
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49
Q

__________benefits five of the six modifiable risk factors.

A

Physical activity.

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50
Q

These risk factors are effected by this______________

  1. ) Decreased Blood Pressure
  2. ) Improved Lipid (Cholesterol) Profile
  3. ) Decreased Body Fat
  4. ) Improved Glucose Tolerance
  5. )Eliminates Physical Inactivity
A

Exercise Moderately

51
Q

What risk factors does exercise moderately affect

  1. )
  2. )
  3. )
  4. )
  5. )
A
  1. ) Decreased Blood Pressure
  2. ) Improved Lipid (Cholesterol) Profile
  3. ) Decreased Body Fat
  4. ) Improved Glucose Tolerance
  5. )Eliminates Physical Inactivity
52
Q

These risk factors are effected by this______________

  1. ) Improved Lipid (Cholesterol) Profile
  2. ) Decreased Body Weight
  3. ) Improved Glucose Tolerance
  4. ) May Decrease Blood Pressure
A

Eat a Balanced Diet

53
Q

What risk factors does exercise eating a balanced diet affect

  1. )
  2. )
  3. )
  4. )
A
  1. ) Improved Lipid (Cholesterol) Profile
  2. ) Decreased Body Weight
  3. ) Improved Glucose Tolerance
  4. ) May Decrease Blood Pressure
54
Q

Strength and flexibility training can effectively develop _____________, _____________and _______________ around the joints and is strongly recommended for health, fitness injury prevention, rehabilitation, and for improving one’s overall quality of life.

A
  1. ) Musculoskeletal strength,
  2. ) Musculoskeletal endurance
  3. ) Functional movement
55
Q

Strength and flexibility training can effectively develop Musculoskeletal strength, Musculoskeletal endurance and Functional movement around the joints and is strongly recommended for _________, __________,_________, and for ______________

A
  1. ) health
  2. ) fitness injury prevention
  3. ) rehabilitation
  4. ) improving one’s overall quality of life.
56
Q

___________is the ability to move a joint freely through an entire range of motion.

A

Flexibility

57
Q

Many muscular and skeletal problems result from ______________

A

Poor flexibility

58
Q

__________is the most neglected aspect of a physical fitness program.

A

Flexibility

59
Q

With age muscles ____________, diminishing the ________________ in a joint, ____________ or ____________ day-to-day activities and movements,

A

Shorten( tighten )
Range of motion
Hinder or halting

60
Q

A regular stretching program can help _________your muscles and ____________ or _____________ flexibility.

A

Lengthen
Maintain
Restore

61
Q

Flexibility (increases or decreases) risk of injury?

A

Decreases
Increasing range of motion decreases the resistance in various tissues. An individual is therefore less likely to incur injury by exceeding tissue extensibility or maximum range of movement of tissues during activity.

62
Q

Flexibility (increases or decreases) physical efficiency and performance?

A

Increases

A flexible joint has the ability to move farther in its range and requires less energy to do so.

63
Q

Flexibility (increases or decreases) tissue temperature

A

Increases

An increase in tissue temperature increases circulation and nutrient transport due to decreased joint viscosity

64
Q

Flexibility (increases or decreases) neuromuscular coordination?

A

Increases
An increase in coordination, or ease of movement, occurs because of an increase in nerve impulse velocity. In attuning the central nervous system to the physical demands placed upon it, opposing muscle groups work in a more synergistic or coordinated fashion.

65
Q

Flexibility training ( increases or reduces ) muscle soreness?

A

Post-exercise stretching is extremely effective in reducing localized, muscular soreness, typically experienced 12-72 hours after exercise.

66
Q

The benefits of strength training include:

  1. )
  2. )
  3. )
  4. )
A

Improved body composition, muscle growth, ,and metabolism
Improved physical functioning
Decreased risk of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
Improved flexibility

67
Q

Ergonomic-related disorders include cumulative __________ and ____________

A

trauma disorders

back disorders

68
Q

Ergonomic-related disorders include cumulative trauma disorders and back disorders. Alone, these injuries, which are often developed __________ as a result of ____________, ___________, and ____________ pose threats.

A

Over time
Undirected behaviors,
Postures,
And habits

69
Q

Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) can be described as ________________________ because of over use.

A

Wear and tear on joints and surrounding tissue

70
Q

What is CTDs

A

Cumulative Trauma Disorders.

71
Q

________________are injuries that result because if a onetime event such as a cut or fall.

A

Acute trauma

72
Q

Cumulative trauma is also known by a variety of terms, such as

  1. )
  2. )
  3. )
A

Musculoskeletal disorders
Overuse syndrome
Repetitive motion

73
Q

Cumulative trauma disorders can affect any area of the body where tendons, joints, and nerves are found.
True or False

A

True

74
Q

Most commonly CTDs target the upper body?

True or False

A

True

While acute injuries resulting from a single event do occurs to the upper extremities

75
Q

Most CTDs fall into 2 main categories

  1. )
  2. )
A

Tendonites:

Nerve compression

76
Q

___________sereve as links that connect muscle to bone and come into play whenever a muscle is used for motion of a bone structure

A

Tendons

77
Q

The benefits of a strength training program include:

  1. )
  2. )
  3. )
  4. )
A

Improved body composition, muscle growth, and metabolism
Improved physical functioning
Decreased risk of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
Improved flexibility

78
Q

List the 7 on the job risk factors

A 
(Factrs v)
Force 
Award posture
Contact stress 
Temperature extremes
Repetition
Stressful conditions
Vibration
79
Q

_____________ risk increases with the number and frequency of the motions made by a particular part of the body.

A

Repetition

80
Q

__________ risk increases with the amount of extertin required for a particular motions.

A

Force

81
Q

_________ Risk increases with the positions of the body, which deviate from a neutral position;primarily bent wrist, elbows away from their normal positions at the side of the body, and a bent or twisted lower back.

A

Awkward posture

82
Q

__________arisk increases with excessive contact between sensitive body tissue and sharp edges or unforgiving surfaces on a tool or piece of equipment.

A

Contact stress

83
Q

_______________Risk increases with exposure to vibrating tools or equipment, weather a hand-held power tool or a whole-body vibration.

A

Vibration

84
Q

___________Risk increases with exposure to excessive heat or cold.

A

Temperature extremes

85
Q

__________Risk increases with a certain stressful situation at work or due to the nature of the work.

A

Stressful conditions.

86
Q

Next to the common cold ____________ is the reason most often cited for job absenteeism.

A

Back disorders.

87
Q

Types of most common back disorders

  1. )
  2. )
  3. )
  4. )
A
  1. ) Pulled or strained muscle
  2. ) ligaments
  3. ) Tendons
  4. ) Discs
88
Q

Most back disorders result from________ or _________ injury rather than from one specific incident.

A

Chronic

Long-term

89
Q

When back muscles or ligaments are injured from __________ or __________, the back muscle, discs, and ligaments can become scared and weakened and lose their ability to support the back.

A

Repetitive pulling

Straining

90
Q

Caused by overuse of the muscles of the lumbar and sacral areas of the back.

A

Lumbosacral strain

91
Q

Lumbosacral strain

A

Caused by overuse of the muscles of the lumbar and sacral areas of the back.

92
Q

Sacroiliitis

A

Caused by inflammation from overuse of the lumbar muscle of the joints between the lowest and sacral areas if the back, spinal bones( sacrum ), and the hip bones(ilium)

93
Q

Caused by inflammation from overuse of the lumbar muscle of the joints between the lowest and sacral areas if the back, spinal bones( sacrum ), and the hip bones(ilium)

A

Sacroiliitis

94
Q

Lumbosacral sprain

A

Caused by overuse of the ligaments in the lumbar and sacral areas of the back.

95
Q

Caused by overuse of the ligaments in the lumbar and sacral areas of the back.

A

Lumbosacral sprain

96
Q

Postural low back pain

A

Results from over use of the lumbosacral muscle by maintaining a posture that requires these muscles to work beyond their capabilities.

97
Q

Results from over use of the lumbosacral muscle by maintaining a posture that requires these muscles to work beyond their capabilities.

A

Postural low back pain

98
Q

Muscular insufficiency

A

Occurs when muscles are unable to bear stress imposes on them.

99
Q

Occurs when muscles are unable to bear stress imposes on them.

A

Muscular insufficiency

100
Q

Herniated disc

A

Results when the disc that sits between two spinal bones (vertebrae) bulges from between them.

101
Q

Results when the disc that sits between two spinal bones (vertebrae) bulges from between them.

A

Herniated disc

102
Q

Degenerated disc

A

Results when wear and tear on disc slowly destroys its structure.

103
Q

Results when wear and tear on disc slowly destroys its structure.

A

Degenerated disc

104
Q

What are the 8 risk factors for back disorders.

A 
Heavy physical work.
Lifting
Bending, stretching and reaching
Twisting
Pushing and pulling
Prolonged sitting and standing
Vibrations
Accidents
105
Q

What percentage of fire companies are staffed by volunteers

A

70%

106
Q

What percentage of firefighter workers are employed by municipal or county fire departments.

A

90% or 9 out of 10

107
Q

Some municipalities have combined fire prevention, public fire education, safety, and emergency medical services into a single organization commonly referred to as ________________________.

A

A public safety organization

108
Q

Some local and regional fire departments are being consolidated into countywide establishments in order to do these 3 things.

A

Reduce administrative staff
Cut costs
Establish consistent training standards and work.

109
Q

Salary range for fire chief

A

64,134 - 82,225

110
Q

Deputy chief salary range

A

56,522 - 72,152

111
Q

Assistant fire chief salary range

A

55,645 - 69,036

112
Q

Battalion chief salary range

A

54,935 - 68,673

113
Q

Fire captain salary range

A

45,383 - 54,463

114
Q

Fire lieutenant salary range

A

41,800 - 49,404

115
Q

Fire prevention / code inspector salary range

A

40,387 - 51,531

116
Q

Engineer salary range

A

38,656 - 48,678

117
Q

Median hourly salary for firefighters

A

17.82

118
Q

Fire fighter middle 50% hourly earnings.

A

12.53 - 22.96

119
Q

Firefighter highest 10% hourly earnings

A

28.22

120
Q

Firefighter lowest 10% hourly wages

A

8.51

121
Q

What % of the adult population smokes?

A

25%

122
Q

How many young people take up smoking each year

A

One million

123
Q

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL’s) are good or bad cholesterol

A

Bad

124
Q

High-density lipoproteins (HDL’s) are good or bad cholesterol

A

Good

125
Q

There is a ____to____ % increase in risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) for every 10 mg/dl increase in cholesterol

A

20 to 30%

Firetest (6 decks)

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