First Aid Flashcards
What are the four methods of controlling bleeding?
Direct pressure
Elevation
Pressure points
Tourniquet as last resort
What are the three objectives of first aid?
Prevent further injury
Infection
Loss of Life
What is a pressure point?
A main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone.
What are the 11 pressure points located on each side of the body?
Superficial temporal artery(temple) Facial artery (jaw) Common carotid artery ( neck) Subclavian artery ( collar bone) Brachial artery ( inner upper arm) Brachial artery (inner elbow) Radial/ulnar artery (wrist) Femoral artery (upper thigh) Iliac artery (groin) Popliteal artery (knee) Anterior/ posterior tibial artery ( ankle)
What is a first degree burn?
Produces redness, warmth and mild pain.
What is a second degree burn?
Red, blistered skin and severe pain
What is a third degree burn?
Destroys tissue, skin and bone in severe cases, severe pain will not be present due to nerve ending damage.
What are the two types of fractures?
Closed/simple
Open/compound
What is a closed/simple fracture?
A broken bone without a break in the skin
What is a open/compound fracture?
A break in a bone that protrudes threw the skin
What is electric shock?
When a person comes into contact with an electric energy source
What are some injuries acquired from electric shock
Little to no evidence to severe trauma associated with cardiac arrest
What is an obstructed airway?
Obstruction in the upper airway.
What are indications of an airway obstruction?
Inability to talk
Grasping and pointing to the throat,
Exaggerated breathing
Skin is bluish
What are the two types of heat injuries?
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
What is heat exhaustion?
Disturbance of blood flow to the brain, heart, and lungs. The skin is cool, moist and clammy Pupils are dilated Body temp normal or high Sweating profusely
What is heat stroke?
Break down of sweating mechanism Cant eliminate excessive body heat Hot or dry skin Uneven pupils Weak Rapid pulse
What are the three types of cold weather injuries?
Hypothermia
Superficial frostbite
Deep frostbite
What is hypothermia?
Cooling of the body caused by exposure to rapid falling temp
Appear pale unconscious may even look dead
Breathing is slow and shallow
Pulse is faint undetectable
Body tissue is semi-rigid
What is superficial frostbite?
When ice crystals are forming in the upper skin layers after exposure to a temp of 32 degrees or lower.
What is deep frostbite?
Ice crystals are forming in the deeper tissues after exposure to a temp of 32 degrees or lower
What is shock?
A life threatening medical condition where the body suffers from insufficient blood flow throughout the body as a result if severe injury or illness.
What is Septic Shock?
Results from bacteria multiplying in the blood and releasing toxins.
Common causes of this are pneumonia appendix rupture and meningitis
What is anaphylactic shock?
A type of hypersensitivity or allergic reaction
Includes allergy to insect bites
Medicines
Food
What is cardiogenic shock?
When the heart is damaged and unable to supply sufficient blood to the body.
What is hypovolemic shock?
Caused by severe blood and fluid loss
From traumatic bodily injury
What is neurogenic shock?
Spinal cord injury
