First Aid Flashcards
What does TCCC
Tactical combat casualty care
What are the three phases of TCCC?
1) Care under fire
2) Tactical field care
3) combat casualty evac care
Explain Care under fire.
Under hostile fire and very limited as to the care you can provide
Explain tactical field care.
You and the casually are relatively safe and no longer under hostile fire. You are free to provide casualty care to the best of your ability.
Explain combat casualty evacuation care.
The care rendered during casualty evacuation.
What does CASEVAC stand for?
Casualty evacuation in a non medical vehicle.
When would you not provide first aid to a casualty?
When rendering aid will put your life in danger or if you find a casualty with no signs of life.
In combat, what is the most likely threat to a casualty’s life?
Bleeding out.
During care under fire, what can attempts to check for airway and breathing do to the rescuer?
Expose the rescuer to enemy fire.
When would you not attempt to restore the airway?
If you find a casualty with no signs of life.
What is the first step for care under fire?
Return fire as directed before providing care
When would advise the casualty to play dead?
If the casualty is unable to move and you are unable to move the casualty to cover and the casualty is still under direct enemy fire.
What would you do if the casualty is unresponsive?
Move the casualty, his weapon, and mission essential equipment to over, as the tactical situation permits
When would you apply a tourniquet?
If the casualty has severe bleeding from a limb or has suffered amputation of a limb, administer life-saving hemorrhage control before moving the casualty.
When would you perform tactical field care?
When no longer under direct enemy fire or situations in which an injury has occurred during the mission but there has been no hostile fire.
During tactical field care, what equipment is used?
Equipment is limited to that carried into the field by the soldier.
When evaluating/treating a casualty, when would seek medical aid?
As soon as possible. Do not stop treatment. If possible, send another soldier to find medical aid.
When would you stop medical evaluation?
If there are any signs of nerve agent poisoning, stop treatment, take appropriate protective measures and begin first aid.
How do you determine levels of consciousness?
AVPU. Alert, responds to Voice, responds to Pain, Unresponsive.
What should you do if a casualty is being burned?
Remove the casualty from the source of the burns before continuing treatment.
How do you check the casualty’s response to pain?
Rub the breastbone briskly with a knuckle or squeeze the first or second toe over the toenail.
What would you do if the casualty was choking and cannot talk?
Stop the evaluation and begin treatment.
When would insert a nasopharyngeal airway?
If the casualty is breathing
After inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, how do place the casualty?
In the recovery position.
Why is the publication for skill level 1 first aid?
STP 21-1 chapter 2
What could attempting CPR on a casualty with inevitably fatal injuries result in?
Additional lives lost as care is diverted from casualties with less severe injuries.
What are situations where CPR should be considered on the battlefield?
Only nontraumatic disorders such as hypothermia, near drowning or electrocution.
What does CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
What could converting a tourniquet to a pressure dressing save on a casualty?
May save the casualty’s limb.
Who should be issued a combat pill pack before deploying on tactical missions?
Each soldier
What does FMC stand for?
Field medical card
Who should initiate FMC?
The combat medic. But a certified CLS can initiate in the combat medial isn’t available or if the combat medic directs the CLS to do so.
What is the job the the soldier accompanying a casualty during CASEVAC?
Monitor the casualty’s airway, breathing and bleeding.
What are signs of severe airway obstruction?
Poor air exchange and increased breathing difficulty, a silent cough, cyanosis, or inability to speak or breathe.
What is “the one” question you can ask a casualty you suspect is choking?
“Are you choking?”
What should you do if the casualty nods YES to “are you choking”?
Render aid for conscious casualty choking
Can you slap a choking casualty on the back?
No
What could slapping a choking casualty on the back do?
May cause the object to go down the airway instead of out.
When should abdominal thrusts not be used?
If the victim is in advanced stages of pregnancy, is very obese, or has a significant abdominal wound.
Can clearing a conscious casualty’s airway obstruction be done sitting or standing?
Yes either sitting or standing.
What should happen if a conscious casualty becomes unconscious while attempting to clear an obstruction?
Lay him down and start mouth to mouth resuscitation
What are the 9 symptoms of shock?
1) Sweaty but cool
2) pale skin
3) restlessness or nervousness
4) thirst
5) severe bleeding
6) confusion
7) rapid breathing
8) blotchy blue skin
9) nausea/vomiting
What position should a casualty be placed in to treat for shock?
Lay the casualty on their back unless a sitting position results in easier breathing.
When would you not elevate the casualties legs?
If the casualty has an un-splinted fractured leg, abdominal wound, or a head or spinal injury.
What do you need to start if the casualty is in hypovolemic shock from combat injuries?
You may need to establish a saline lock, and start intravenous infusion.
A saline lock should be initiated any time the casualty has suffered a sever loss of blood. If the casualty has an abnormal level of conciousness or no palpable radial pulse on an uninjured arm, convert saline lock to an intravenous infusion.
When would you not loosen clothing?
in a chemical environment.
What does immobilizing the limb reduce?
Reduces muscular activity, helping to stop bleeding and reduce pain.
What should you do if you must leave the casualty?
Position his head to the side to prevent choking if vomiting occurs.
What is the first step for treating any type of burn?
Eliminate the source of the burn
What type of materials may melt and cause further injury?
Synthetic materials such as nylon.
What could high voltage electrical burns from an electrical source or lightning cause?
Temporary unconciousness, difficulty breathing, or difficulties with the heart- (irregular heartbeat)
What are blisters caused by a blister agent?
It is not really a blister, it is a burn.
Would you de contaminate skin where blisters have already formed?
No
What should you do to clothing that stuck the wound?
Do not attempt to remove the clothing.
If the burn is caused by white phosphorous, what should the bandage be?
wet
What is significant about electrical burns?
Electricity often leaves entry and exit burns.
When can you give the casualty small amounts of water to drink when treating burns?
If the casualty is conscious and not nauseated.
What are the four types of burns?
1) Thermal
2) Electrical Burns
3) Chemical
4) Laser
What is the first step to treating a casualty with a heat injury?
Identify the type of heat injury.
What are symptoms for heat cramps?
cramping in the arms and legs, abdominal cramps, excessive sweating
What are the symptoms for heat exhaustion?
1) sweating with pale, moist, cool skin
2) headache
3) weakness
4) dizziness
5) loss of appetite
6) cramping
7) nausea
8) urge to defecate
9) chills
10) rapid breathing
11) tingling in hands/feet
12) confusion
What are the Symptoms for heat exhaustion?
Profuse sweating with pale, moist, and cool skin. Headache, weakness, dizziness, loss of appetite, cramping, nausea, urge to defacate, chills, goose bumps. Rapid breathing, tingling of the hands and feet, confusion.
What are the symptoms for heat stroke?
Red hot dry skin, weakness, dizziness, confusion, headache, seizures, nausea, stomach pains or cramps, respiration and pulse may be rapid and weak, unconsciousness, sudden collapse.
What are ice sheets?
Sheets soaked in cold icy water and placed directly on to the skin of the casualty to lower body temperature rapidly.
Which heat casualty is a medical emergency that may result in death if treatment is delayed?
Heat stroke
What are the items needed to start a saline lock or IV infusion?
Combat medic bags and aid bags have the required equipment, but not your IFAK.
What are the preferred sites for the saline lock and IV?
back of the hand, foot vein on leg
What is the purpose of the constricting band
To stop the blood in the vein from flowing back to the heart causing the vein to enlarge and easier to locate. The constricting band should not be applied so tight that arterial blood flow stops.
What is the maximum time you can have the constricting band in place?
no more than 2 mins
How should you apply a constricting band?
about two inches above selected Infusion sight, in such a way that the band can be removed using one hand.
What can be used to prepare the skin for IV needle insertion?
alcohol or povidone iodine (for sterilization)
What is the main reason for wearing gloves when you initiate an IV in battle?
cleanliness
What will be felt as the needle enters the vein?
slight give
How many venipuncture attempts can you make?
no more than 2
