First Aid Flashcards
What makes having a working knowledge of the first aide essential
The frequency that accidents and injuries occur
How many objectives of first aid are there
3
What are the objectives of first aid
prevent
- further injury
- infection
- loss of life
The fundamental elements of first aid can be categorized into how many main areas?
8
What helps us to accomplish the three main objectives of first aid?
Knowledge of the eight main areas (that the fundamental elements of first aid are broken down into)
How many methods are there to control bleeding
4
What are the methods used to control bleeding
Direct pressure
elevation
pressure points Tourniquet as a last resort
What is a pressure point
A point on the body where a main artery lies near the skin surface over a bone
How many principal pressure points are on each side of the body
11
What pressure points are above the waist
- Superficial Temporal artery
- Facial artery
- Carotid artery
- subclavian artery
- brachial artery(inner upper arm)
- brachial artery (inner elbow)
- radial/ulnar artery
What pressure points are below the waist
- femoral artery
- iliac artery
- popliteal artery
- anterior/posterior tibial artery
What are the characteristics of first-degree burns
Redness, warmth in and mild pain
What are characteristics of second degree burns
Red, blistered skin in severe pain
What are characteristics of third-degree burns
Destroys tissue, skin, and bone
Severe pain may be absent due to destroyed nerve endings
What are the eight main areas that the fundamental elements of first aid are categorized into
Bleeding Burns Fractures Electric shock Obstructed airway Heat related injuries Cold-weather injuries Shock
What are the two types of fractures
Closed/simple
Open/compound
Note: electrical shock
Electrical shock injuries can range from little to no evidence of injury to severe trauma with associated cardiac arrest
Obstructions of the upper airway can be caused by many things depending on what?
Age and situation
What are the two types of heat related injuries that can occur
Heat exhaustion
heat stroke
What is heat exhaustion
A serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain, heart and lungs
What are signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion
Skin: cool moist and clammy
Pupils: dilated
Sweating profusely
What is heatstroke
Hey very serious condition caused by a breakdown of the sweating mechanism
What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke
Skin: hot and dry
Pupils: uneven
Pulse: weak/rapid
How many types of cold weather injuries are there
3
What are the types of cold weather injuries
Hypothermia
superficial frostbite
Deep frostbite
What are the signs and symptoms of hypothermia
Pt May appear pale and unconscious and may even be taken for dead
What are the characteristics of superficial frostbite?
Ice crystals begin to form in the upper skin layers after exposure to freezing temperatures
What are the characteristics of deep frostbite?
Ice crystals form in the deeper tissues after exposure to freezing temperatures
What is shock
A life-threatening medical condition as a result of insufficient blood flow
What are the different types of shock
Septic anaphylactic cardiogenic hypovolemic neurogenic
